From: The first wave of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in Germany: From initiation to acceleration
Independent variables | n | Individuals hospitalised/with pneumonia (%) | Univariate analysis OR (95%CI) | p-value | Multivariate analysis OR (95%CI) | p- value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospitalisation | ||||||
Pneumonia | 275 | 130 (47.3) | 25.5 (20.0;32.5) | <0.001 | 18.2 (13.6;23.9) | <0.001 |
No pneumonia reported | 40,236 | 1,366 (3.4) | reference | |||
Risk factors present | 2,342 | 284 (12.1) | 4.6 (3.6;4.7) | <0.001 | 3.6 (3.1;4.3) | <0.001 |
No risk factor reported | 37,187 | 1,215 (3.3) | Reference | |||
Chronic disease | 2,250 | 261 (11.6) | 3.8 (3.3;4.4) | <0.001 | ||
No chronic disease reported | 37,298 | 1,240 (3.3) | Reference | |||
Immunosuppression | 112 | 30 (26.8) | 10.8 (7.1;16.3) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 37,187 | 1,215 (3.3) | reference | |||
Respiratory disease | 1,072 | 87 (8.1) | 2,6 (2,1; 3,3) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 37,187 | 1,215 (3.3) | reference | |||
Obesity* | 159 | 19 (11.9) | 4.0 (2,5; 6,5) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 37,187 | 1,215 (3.3) | reference | |||
Cardio-vascular disease | 260 | 34 (13.1) | 4.5 (3.1; 6.4) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 37,187 | 1,215 (3.3) | reference | |||
Diabetes | 172 | 19 (11.0) | 3.7 (2.3; 5.9) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 37,187 | 1,215 (3.3) | reference | |||
Other chronic disease | 70 | 70 (15.4) | 5.4 (4.1; 7.0) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 37,187 | 1,215 (3.3) | reference | |||
Pregnancy | 106 | 25 (25.6) | 9.9 (6.1;16.0) | <0.001 | ||
No pregnancy reported | 16,957 | 527 (3.1) | reference | |||
Age | ||||||
0 - 2 years | 920 | 107 (11.6) | 3.3 (2.7;4.1) | <0.001 | 2.9 (2.2;3.8) | <0.001 |
All other age groups | 51,563 | 1,977 (3.8) | reference | |||
3 - 14 years | 17,486 | 509 (2.9) | 0,6 (0.5;0.7) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.6;0.8) | <0.001 |
All other age groups | 34,997 | 1,575 (4.5) | reference | |||
Male | 27,345 | 1,114 (4.1) | 1.1 (0.9;1.2) | = 0.069 | 1.1 (0.9;1.2) | = 0.224 |
Female | 24,628 | 927 (3.8) | reference | |||
Acceleration period | 28,820 | 967 (3.4) | 0.7 (0.6; 0.8) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.7;0.9) | = 0.020 |
Initiation period | 23,663 | 1,117 (4.7) | reference | |||
Pneumonia | ||||||
Risk factors | 2,162 | 76 (3.5) | 7.4 (5.7;9.8) | <0.001 | 8.1 (6.1;10.7) | <0.001 |
No risk factor reported | 36,305 | 177 (0.5) | reference | |||
Chronic disease | 2,082 | 75 (3.6) | 7.6 (5.8;9.9) | <0.001 | ||
No chronic disease reported | 36,402 | 179 (0.5) | reference | |||
Immunosuppression | 103 | 7 (6.8) | 14.9 (6.9;32.7) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 36,305 | 177 (0.5) | reference | |||
Respiratory disease | 994 | 34 (3.4) | 7.2 (4.9;10.5) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 36,305 | 177 (0.5) | reference | |||
Obesity* | 143 | 9 (6.3) | 13.8 (6.9;27.5) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 36,305 | 177 (0.5) | reference | |||
Cardio-vascular disease | 243 | 5 (2.1) | 4.3 (1.7;10.4) | = 0.002 | ||
No risk factor reported | 36,305 | 177 (0.5) | reference | |||
Diabetes | 157 | 1 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.2;9.4) | = 0.790 | ||
No risk factor reported | 36,305 | 177 (0.5) | reference | |||
Other chronic disease | 425 | 18 (4.2) | 9.1 (5.5;14.8) | <0.001 | ||
No risk factor reported | 36,305 | 177 (0.5) | reference | |||
Pregnancy | 95 | 2 (2.1) | 4.6 (1.1;19.0) | = 0.074 | ||
No pregnancy reported | 17,194 | 80 (0.5) | reference | |||
Age | ||||||
0 - 2 years | 712 | 15 (2.1) | 3.3 (1.9;5.5) | <0.001 | 2,8 (1.5;5.2) | <0.001 |
All other age groups | 40,019 | 261 (0.7) | reference | |||
3 - 14 years | 13,453 | 92(0.7) | 1.1 (0.8;1.3) | = 0.914 | ||
All Other age groups | 27,278 | 184 (0.7) | reference | |||
Male | 21,158 | 146 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.7;1.4) | = 0.413 | 1.1 (0.8;1.4) | = 0.545 |
Female | 19,228 | 120 (0.6) | reference | |||
Acceleration period | 22,640 | 182 (0.8) | 1.6 (1.2;2.0) | = 0.001 | 1.3 (1.0;1.7) | = 0.038 |
Initiation period | 18,081 | 94 (0.5) | reference | |||
ILI** | 4,442 | 39 (0.9) | 1.3 (1.0;1.8) | = 0.090 | 1.4 (1.0;2.1) | = 0.032 |
No ILI | 36,289 | 237 (0.7) | reference | |||
Fever (>38.5°C) | 34,905 | 258 (0.7) | 1.9 (1.2;3.1) | = 0.007 | 2.0 (1.2;3.5) | = 0.013 |
No fever reported | 4,826 | 18 (0.4) | reference |