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Table 2 Association of HIV status with cervical cytology and prevalence of high-risk HPV types in female sex workers in Mombasa Kenya

From: Association of HIV infection with distribution and viral load of HPV types in Kenya: a survey with 820 female sex workers

Variable

HIV-negative n/N (%)

HIV-positive n/N (%)

P

Risk ratio#

(95%CI)

Prevalence of high-risk HPV

      

Any high-risk HPV infection*

N = 503

229 (45.5)

N = 273

200 (73.3)

<0.001

1.7 (1.5-1.9)

   Type 16

 

56 (11.1)

 

66 (24.2)

<0.001

2.4 (1.7-3.4)

   Type 18

 

34 (6.8)

 

51 (18.7)

<0.001

2.9 (1.9-4.6)

   Type 31

 

31 (6.2)

 

33 (12.1)

0.004

2.0 (1.2-3.4)

   Type 33

 

1 (0.2)

 

3 (1.1)

0.095

4.3 (0.41-45.8)

   Type 35

 

39 (7.8)

 

49 (18.0)

<0.001

2.7 (1.7-4.1)

   Type 39

 

20 (4.0)

 

36 (13.2)

<0.001

4.2 (2.3-7.5)

   Type 45

 

18 (3.6)

 

21 (7.7)

0.012

2.3 (1.3-4.2)

   Type 51

 

32 (6.4)

 

39 (14.3)

<0.001

2.5 (1.5-4.1)

   Type 52

 

38 (7.6)

 

70 (25.6)

<0.001

3.7 (2.5-5.6)

   Type 53

 

35 (7.0)

 

56 (20.5)

<0.001

3.0 (2.0-4.6)

   Type 56

 

24 (4.8)

 

39 (14.3)

<0.001

2.9 (1.7-4.9)

   Type 58

 

21 (4.2)

 

15 (5.5)

0.40

1.4 (0.7-2.7)

   Type 59

 

43 (8.6)

 

36 (13.2)

0.04

1.7 (1.1-2.6)

   Type 66

 

37 (7.4)

 

40 (14.7)

0.001

2.1 (1.3-3.3)

   Type 68

 

2 (0.4)

 

6 (2.2)

0.02

5.5 (1.0-29.0)

Mean high-risk HPV types (sd)

 

0.8 (1.1)

 

1.8 (1.8)

<0.001

 

Low risk HPV

      

   Type 6

N = 503

13 (2.6)

N = 273

10 (3.7)

0.40

1.4 (0.63-3.3)

   Type 67

 

87 (17.3)

 

84 (30.8)

<0.001

1.8 (1.4-2.4)

Viral load of high-risk HPV types (n≥1 copy/cell; median (IQR))

      

   Type 16

 

38; 32.5 (4-472)

 

52; 145 (12-3278)

0.016

 

   Type 18

 

18; 12 (4-58)

 

31; 31 (6-718)

0.23

 

   Type 31

 

22; 15 (3-572)

 

25; 208 (58-13 257)

0.02

 

   Type 33

 

1; 204 (NA)

 

3; 15 453 (251-45 601)

0.18

 

   Type 35

 

34; 118 (14-4882)

 

48; 302 (61-9969)

0.11

 

   Type 39

 

14; 13 (1-89)

 

25; 106 (3-2600)

0.06

 

   Type 45

 

14; 8 (2-24)

 

21; 49 (4-252)

0.04

 

   Type 51

 

30; 43 (3-1738)

 

37; 826 (34-43 983)

0.02

 

   Type 52

 

31; 12 (3-71)

 

59; 76 (5-938)

0.05

 

   Type 53

 

27; 5 (2-14)

 

47; 31 (1-288)

0.14

 

   Type 56

 

20; 112 (5.5-829)

 

31; 219 (20-1511)

0.39

 

   Type 58

 

12; 16 (4.5-67)

 

13; 7 (4-32)

0.81

 

   Type 59

 

21; 27 (3-235)

 

20; 437 (20-3552)

0.04

 

   Type 66

 

22; 4 (2-794)

 

35; 48 (7-1193)

0.07

 

   Type 68

 

0; 0

 

1; 1; (NA)

-

 

Total high-risk HPV viral load

 

48 (6-756)

 

811 (33-12 110)

<0.001

 

Cervical cytology (Pap smear)

      

   Normal

N = 503

461 (91.7)

N = 269

196 (72.9)

  

   ASC-US/ASC-H

 

8 (1.6)

 

6 (2.2)

  

   LSIL

 

21 (4.2)

 

54 (20.1)

  

   HSIL

 

12 (2.4)

 

13 (4.8)

  

   Invasive carcinoma

 

1 (0.2)

 

0 (0)

<0.001

 
  1. ^Infection with HPV type 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 defined as high-risk HPV infection. *Any detectable HPV viral load >0 copies/cell considered diagnostic. #Age-adjusted risk ratio. LSIL low-grade intraepithelial lesion; HSIL high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion; ASC-US atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; ASC-H atypical squamous cells: cannot exclude high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion. Median copies/cell are rounded to closest whole number. Vari. Cat. Variable category