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Table 1 Characteristics of 128 patients with sustained viral suppression after 4 years of antiretroviral therapy at the Infectious Diseases Institute research cohort∏

From: High T-cell immune activation and immune exhaustion among individuals with suboptimal CD4 recovery after 4 years of antiretroviral therapy in an African cohort

 

Sub-optimal CD4 reconstitution

(Cases)

N = 34

Optimal CD4 reconstitution

(Controls)

N = 64

Super-optimal CD4 reconstitution

(Controls)

N = 30

P value*

At baseline

    

Age (yrs) [median (IQR)]

36 (31-42)

33 (30-38)

35 (31-43)

0.509

Female gender [n (%)]

21 (62)

49 (77)

26 (87)

0.066

BMI [median (IQR)]

20 (19-23)

20 (19-23)

20 (19-23)

0.935

CD4 cells/μl [median (IQR)]

111 (62-151)

105 (40-176)

115 (97-185)

0.447

   < 100 cells/μl [n(%)]

20 (59)

35 (55)

15 (30)

0.779

ART regimen

    

   D4T-3TC-NVP/EFZ [n (%)]

17 (50)

43 (67)

22 (73)

 

   ZDV-3TC-NVP/EFZ [n (%)]

17 (50)

21 (33)

8 (27)

0.116

Hemoglobin [ median (IQR)]

12 (11-13)

11 (10-13)

11 (10-13)

0.473

After 4 years of ART

    

CD4 cells/μl [median (IQR)]

220 (183-248)

407 (334-456)

985 (438-1290)

< 0.001

   < 350 cells/μl [n(%)]

34 (100)

19 (30)

0 (0)

< 0.001

BMI [median (IQR)]

21 (19-25)

22 (20-24)

22 (20-24)

0.062

Hemoglobin [ median (IQR)]

14 (12-15)

13 (12-14)

13 (12-14)

0.969

Hepatitis B positive [n]

1

5

1

0.033

ART regimen

    

   D4T-3TC-NVP/EFZ [n (%)]

13 (38)

41 (64)

17 (57)

 

   ZDV-3TC-NVP/EFZ [n (%)]

21 (62)

18 (28)

13 (43)

 

   TDF-3TC-NVP/EFZ [n (%)]

0 (0)

5 (8)

0 (0)

0.008

  1. *Chi square test was used for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the continuous variables.
  2. ∏All patients initiated antiretroviral therapy at CD4 200 cells/μl and below. The magnitude of CD4 increase from the baseline counts was grouped into 4 quartiles; 'Suboptimal CD4 reconstitution' includes patients that lie in the lowest quartile, 'Optimal CD4 reconstitution' includes a sample of patients that lie in the two middle quartiles and 'Super-optimal CD4 reconstitution' includes patients that lie in the highest quartile of CD4 increase.