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Table 1 Demographics of 191 immunosuppressed patients undergoing BAL for suspicion of Invasive fungal disease, classified according to the EORTC/NIAID

From: Aspergillus-PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage for detection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients

Patient characteristics

All

Possible

Probable

Proven

No

Patient number (%)

191(100)

42(22)

8(4.2)

3(1.6)

138(72.3)

Age, yr

50.5(19–80)

44(22–80)

49.5(24–60)

42.67(29–70)

52.4(19–79)

Male gender (%)

116(60.7)

28(66.7)

4(50)

3(100)

81(58.7)

Symptoms

     

Fever (%)

95(49.7)

29(69)

3(37)

1(33.3)

62(44.9)

Cough (%)

97(50.8)

22(52.4)

4(50)

1(33.3)

70(50.7)

Dyspnea (%)

75(39.3)

15(35.7)

4(50)

0

56(40.6)

Sputum (%)

40(20.9)

10(23.8)

0

0

30(21.7)

Chills (%)

17(8.9)

1(2.4)

2(25)

0

14(10.1)

Chest radiograph/CT scan

     

Infiltrates (%)

105(55)

24(57.1)

6(75)

2(66.7)

73(52.9)

Suspicion of fungi lesion (%)

53(27.7)

17(40.5)

4(50)

3(100)

29(21)

Stem cell transplantation

     

Allogen (%)

48(25.1)

11(26.2)

4(100)

3(100)

30(21.7)

Autolog (%)

12(6.3)

6(14.3)

0

0

6(4.3)

Immunosuppressive therapy

     

Steroids (%)

67(35.1)

13(31)

2(25)

0

52(37.7)

Ciclosporine (%)

48(25.1)

13(31)

4(50)

1(33.3)

30(21.7)

Mycophenolate (%)

28(14.7)

4(9.5)

0

0

24(17.4)

Azathioprine (%)

9(4.7)

2(4.8)

1(12.5)

0

6(5.3)

Sirolimus (%)

10(5.2)

2(4.8)

1(12.5)

0

7(5.1)

Tacrolimus (%)

8(4.2)

0

0

0

8(5.8)

Antimicrobial therapy at bronchoscopy

     

Antibacterial (%)

163(85.3)

39(92.9)

8(100)

3(100)

113(81.3)

Antiviral (%)

66(34.6)

13(31)

3(37.5)

2(66.7)

48(34.8)

Antifungal (%)

111(58.1)

32(76.2)

7(87.5)

3(100)

69(50)

Disease

     

Hematologic disorders (%)

129(67.5)

33(78.6)

8(100)

3(100)

85(61.6)

Solid organ transplants (%)

26(13.6)

4(9.5)

0

0

22(15.9)

AIDS (%)

12(6.3)

0

0

0

12((8.7)

Autoimmune disorders (%)

24(12.6)

5(11.9)

0

0

19(13.8)

Microbiology

     

Aspergillus culture BAL (%)

8(4.2)

2(4.8)

2(25)

1(33.3)

3(2.2)

Bacteriology BAL (%)

28(14.7)

3(7.1)

1(12.5)

0

24(17.4)

Positive nPCR BAL (%)

55(28.8)

10(23.8)

4(50)

0

41(29.7)

Galactamannan in blood, ng/ml

0.226(0.1-3)

0.171(0.1-0.5)

0.488(0.1-1.3)

1.1(0.1-3)

0.178(0.1-1.3)

CRP (mg/L)

76.4(0–410)

84.8(0.9-296)

71.8(2.9-240)

61.6(6.8-116)

74(0–410)

Leukocytes (x103/L)

7.8

4.8

2.0

2.1

9.2

BAL cells (x106/L)

313.8

183.6

159.4

678.3

351.6

macrophages (in%)

69.1

71.0

82.4

60.5

68

lymphocytes (in%)

15.7

15.3

11.8

4.0

16.2

neutrophiles (in%)

16.4

9.4

6.7

35.5

18.5

eosinophiles (in%)

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.0

1

  1. Abbreviations: BAL = Bronchoalveolar lavage.