Late entry into HIV care: lessons from Brazil, 2003 to 2006

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 Proportion of late entry into HIV care, as defined by the standard criterion, with adjusted risk ratios. Brazil (2003–2006)

Characteristic		N	%	Proportion of late entry	Risk ratio	Adjusted risk ratio	95% confidence interval		p
							Min	Max
Brazil		115,369	100	43.6	-	-	-	-	-
Geopolitical region	South	22,229	19.3	40.8	1	1	-	-
	North	6,270	5.4	53.4	1.31	1.33	1.29	1.37	< 0.001
	Northeast	17,448	15.1	48.1	1.18	1.19	1.16	1.21	< 0.001
	Central-West	7,997	6.9	47.1	1.15	1.16	1.13	1.20	< 0.001
	Southeast	58,499	50.7	43.1	1.06	1.05	1.03	1.07	< 0.001
	No data	2,926	2.5
Size of municipality (number of inhabitants)	≥ 500,000	46,835	40.6	42.6	1	1	-	-
	100,000-499,999	33,339	28.9	43.0	1.01*	1.04	1.02	1.06	< 0.001
	< 100,000	30,429	26.4	46.3	1.09	1.08	1.06	1.10	< 0.001
	No data	4,766	4.1
HIV testing rate^†	High	89,550	77.6	42.7	1	1	-	-
	Medium	5,063	4.4	46.8	1.10	1.06	1.03	1.10	<0.001
	Low	15,990	13.9	48.5	1.14	1.09	1.06	1.11	< 0.001
	No data^‡	4,766	4.1		1
Sex	Female	50,354	43.6	35.7		1	-	-
	Male	64,932	56.3	49.8	1.40	1.33	1.31	1.35	< 0.001
	No data	83	0.1
Age bracket	15-29 years	36,201	31.4	30	1	1	-	-
	30-59 years	76,134	66	49.5	1.65	1.60	1.58	1.63	< 0.001
	≥ 60 years	3,034	2.6	59.3	1.98	1.91	1.85	1.98	< 0.001
HIV transmission category^§	Heterosexual women	15,665	41.9	-	1	1	-	-
	Injection drug user	2,997	8.0	-	1.18	1.18	1.15	1.22	< 0.001
	Heterosexual men	11,467	30.7	-	1.21	1.17	1.15	1.19	< 0.001
	Blood transfusion	107	0.3	-	1.16	1.15	1.01	1.32	0.039
	Homosexual/bisexual men	7,155	19.1	-	1.06	1.04	1.02	1.07	< 0.001

*Not significant; ^†High = > 10 tests/1,000 population, Medium = from 1.01 to 10 tests/1,000 population, Low = ≤ 1 test/1,000 population; ^‡No information available on city of residence; ^§The categories of transmission were analyzed with a separate Poisson regression model, including the 37,391 individuals for whom information on transmission category was available. Control of confounding variables = region, HIV testing rate, and age. Population size was disregarded as a misleading variable as it did not show statistical significance in this regression model.

ISSN: 1471-2334