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Table 1 Baseline, clinical and individual level characteristics of active adult study participants in Nigerian ART program (n = 628)

From: Immuno-virologic outcomes and immuno-virologic discordance among adults alive and on anti-retroviral therapy at 12 months in Nigeria

Characteristics

 

Number of participants (% of total)

UATH (site %)

ADH (site %)

UBTH (site %)

p-value§

Gender

    

0.31

Female

400 (63.7%)

128 (59.8%)

110 (67.1%)

162 (64.8%)

 

Male

228 (36.3%)

86 (40.2%)

54 (32.9%)

88 (35.2%)

 

Age at HAART Initiation (years)

     

Median (Inter-quartile range)

35 (30 – 41)

34 (29 – 41)

34 (29 – 38)

36 (30 – 45)

0.001

< 30

190 (30.3%)

70 (32.7%)

55 (33.5%)

65 (26%)

 

31 to 40

271 (43.1%)

89 (41.6%)

84 (51.2%)

98 (39.2%)

 

41 to 50

120 (19.1%)

43 (20.1%)

20 (12.2%)

57 (22.8%)

 

>51

47 (7.5%)

12 (5.6%)

5 (3.1%)

30 (12%)

 

Marital Status

    

0.001

Single

146 (23.2%)

43 (20.1%)

47 (28.7%)

56 (22.4%)

 

Married / Cohabiting

359 (57.2%)

136 (63.6%)

88 (53.7%)

135 (54%)

 

Separated

45 (7.2%)

5 (2.3%)

9 (5.5%)

31 (12.4%)

 

Divorced / Widowed

78 (12.4%)

30 (14%)

20 (12.2%)

28 (11.2%)

 

Currently married

    

0.07

Yes

359 (57.2%)

136 (63.6%)

88 (53.7%)

135 (54%)

 

No

269 (42.8%)

78 (36.4%)

76 (46.3%)

115 (46%)

 

Residential Distance (in kilometers)

    

0.001

Median (inter-quartile range)

25 (10 – 80)

46.5 (20 – 90)

23 (15 – 30)

10 (5 – 130)

 

< 50

402 (64%)

109 (50.9%)

133 (81.1%)

160 (64%)

 

51 to100

80 (12.7%)

54 (25.2%)

16 (9.8%)

10 (4%)

 

101 to 200

120 (19.1%)

44 (20.6%)

6 (3.7%)

70 (28%)

 

>200

26 (4.1%)

7 (3.3%)

9 (5.5%)

10 (4%)

 

HIV disclosure

    

0.34

Yes

595 (94.7%)

204 (95.3%)

158 (96.3%)

233 (93.2%)

 

No

33 (5.3%)

10 (4.7%)

6 (3.7%)

17 (6.8%)

 

Tuberculosis History

    

0.001

Yes

90 (14.3%)

18 (8.4%)

37 (22.6%)

35 (14%)

 

No

538 (85.7%)

196 (91.6%)

127 (77.4%)

215 (86%)

 

Baseline CD4 cell count (n = 613)

    

0.001

Median (inter-quartile range)

142 (85 – 223)

117 (72 – 175)

187 (111 – 266)

150 (88 – 241)

 

< 50

88 (14.4%)

42 (19.8%)

15 (9.3%)

31 (13%)

 

50 and < 200

336 (54.8%)

143 (67.5%)

74 (45.7%)

119 (49.8%)

 

200 and <350

155 (25.3%)

19 (9%)

54 (33.3%)

82 (34.3%)

 

350 and < 500

24 (3.9%)

4 (1.9%)

16 (9.9%)

4 (1.7%)

 

>=500

10 (1.6%)

4 (1.9%)

3 (1.9%)

3 (1.3%)

 

Baseline Hemoglobin (g/dl) (n = 546)

    

0.001

Median (inter-quartile range)

10.9 (9.3 – 12.4)

10.5 (8.8 – 11.9)

12.1 (10.8 – 13.9)

10.3 (8.9 – 11.6)

 

> =10

354 (64.9%)

107 (60.1%)

131 (84%)

116 (54.7%)

 

>=8 and <10 (Grade 1 anemia)

141 (25.8%)

57 (32%)

17 (10.9%)

67 (31.6%)

 

>=7 and <8 (Grade 2 anemia)

33 (6.0%)

7 (3.9%)

7 (4.5%)

19 (9%)

 

>=6.5 and <7 (Grade 3 anemia)

7 (1.3%)

3 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

4 (1.9%)

 

< 6.5 (Grade 4 anemia)

11 (2.0%)

4 (2.3%)

1 (0.6%)

6 (2.8%)

 

Baseline anemia (Hemoglobin < 10 g/dl) (n = 546)

     

Yes

192 (35.2%)

71 (39.9%)

25 (16%)

96 (45.3%)

 

No

354 (64.8%)

107 (60.1%)

131 (84%)

116 (54.7%)

 

Antiretroviral drug regimen at baseline

    

0.001

ZDV / 3TC / NVP or EFV

257 (40.9%)

58 (27.1%)

76 (46.3%)

123 (49.2%)

 

D4T / 3TC / NVP or EFV

50 (8.0%)

15 (7%)

10 (6.1%)

25 (10%)

 

TDF / 3TC of FTC / NVP or EFV

321 (51.1%)

141 (65.9%)

78 (47.6%)

102 (40.8%)

 

Baseline Functionality

    

0.001

Working (70-100%)

 

170 (81.3%)

71 (44.7%)

238 (96.8%)

 

Ambulatory (50-70%)

479 (78%)

38 (18.2%)

78 (49.1%)

7 (2.8%)

 

Bedridden (<50%)

123 (20%)

1 (%)

10 (6.3%)

1 (0.4%)

 
 

12 (2%)

    

Reason for ART eligibility

     

CD4 cell count < 200

 

188 (90.4%)

91 (56.5%)

159 (67.1%)

0.001

CD4 cell count < 350 and WHO Stage 3

438 (72.2%)

14 (6.7%)

55 (34.2%)

75 (31.7%)

 

WHO Stage 4

144 (23.8%)

1 (0.5%)

14 (8.7%)

3 (1.3%)

 

Other (PMTCT plus, etc.)

18 (3%)

5 (2.4%)

1 (0.6%)

0 (0%)

 
 

6 (1%)

    

Drug adherence by pharmacy refill record calculated over 12 months

    

0.001

>= 95%

576 (91.7%)

202 (94.4%)

137 (83.5%)

237 (94.8%)

 

< 95%

52 (8.3%)

12 (5.6%)

27 (16.5%)

13 (5.2%)

 

Drug adherence by self-report at 12 months

    

0.08

>= 95%

544 (86.6%)

193 (90.2%)

135 (82.3%)

216 (86.4%)

 

< 95%

84 (13.4%)

21 (9.8%)

29 (17.7%)

34 (13.6%)

 

Virologic suppression (<400 copies) (n = 591)

    

0.001

Yes

453 (76.7%)

167 (78.4%)

94 (71.2%)

192 (78%)

 

No

138 (23.3%)

46 (21.6%)

38 (28.8%)

54 (22%)

 

Immunologic recovery (CD4 cell change >=50) (n = 596)

    

0.01

Yes

461 (77.4%)

178 (84.4%)

110 (74.3%)

173 (73%)

 

No

135 (22.6%)

33 (15.6%)

38 (25.7%)

64 (27%)

 

Employment status

    

0.001

Employed

524 (83.4%)

183 (85.5%)

116 (70.7%)

225 (90%)

 

Unemployed

99 (15.8%)

27 (12.6%)

48 (29.3%)

24 (9.6%)

 

Retired

1 (0.2%)

1 (0.5)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

Student

4 (0.6%)

3 (1.4%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.4%)

 

Highest educational achievement

    

0.001

No formal education

301 (47.9%)

92 (43%)

80 (48.8%)

129 (51.6%)

 

Primary education

136 (21.7%)

54 (25.2%)

22 (13.4%)

60 (24%)

 

Secondary education

34 (5.4%)

14 (6.5%)

17 (10.4%)

3 (1.2%)

 

Post-secondary / Tertiary / Advanced Education (M.Sc., Ph.D.)

157(25%)

54 (25.3%)

45 (27.4%)

58 (23.2%)

 

Socio-economic class

    

0.001

Class 1

23 (3.7%)

13 (6.1%)

2 (1.2%)

8 (3.2%)

 

Class 2

99 (15.6%)

27 (12.6%)

22 (13.4%)

50 (20%)

 

Class 3

276 (44%)

79 (36.9%)

63 (38.4%)

134 (53.6%)

 

Class 4

207 (33%)

88 (41.1%)

66 (40.3%)

53 (21.2%)

 

Class 5

23 (3.7%)

7 (3.3%)

11 (6.7%)

5 (2%)

 

Current smoker

    

0.65

Yes

11 (1.8%)

5 (2.3%)

3 (1.8%)

3 (1.2%)

 

No

617 (98.2%)

209 (97.7%)

161 (98.2%)

247 (98.8%)

 

Current drug user

    

0.24

Yes

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.6%)

0 (0%)

 

No

627 (99.8%)

214 (100%)

163 (99.4%)

250 (100%)

 

Current alcohol user

    

0.001

Yes

53 (8.4%)

2 (0.9%)

29 (17.7%)

22 (8.8%

 

No

575 (91.6%)

212 (99.1%)

135 (82.3%)

228 (91.2%)

 

Current herbal drug user

    

0.03

Yes

20 (3.2%)

3 (1.4%)

10 (6.1%)

7 (2.8%)

 

No

608 (96.8%)

211 (98.6%)

154 (93.9%)

243 (7.2%)

 
  1. Categorical variables expressed as n (%) and continuous variables almost expressed as median (inter-quartile range).
  2. § p-values comparing study participant variables across the three study sites calculated from Kruskal-Wallis test statistic for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 test statistic for categorical variables.