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Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of predictors for immunologic failure (Fall of CD4 count to or below baseline or CD4 cell count change < 50 cells/mm 3 at one year) among Nigerian adult patients on ART

From: Immuno-virologic outcomes and immuno-virologic discordance among adults alive and on anti-retroviral therapy at 12 months in Nigeria

Characteristics

 

ALL

Immunologic failure

Unadjusted

p-value

Adjusted

p-value

 

(n = 596)

(n = 135)

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

Gender

      

Female

377

84 (62%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Male

219

51 (38%)

1.06 (0.71-1.57)

0.78

1.46 (1.04-2.45)

0.04

Age at HAART Initiation (years)

< 30

178

42 (31%)

1.55 (1.01-2.37)

0.04

1.50 (1.11-2.39)

0.03

>30

357

93 (69%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Currently married

Yes

336

76 (56%)

0.99 (0.68-1.47)

0.98

  

No

260

59 (44%)

Ref

   

Residential Distance (in kilometers)

< 50

376

92 (68%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

51 to100

78

19 (14%)

0.99 (0.56-1.75)

0.98

1.19 (0.64-2.33)

0.79

>100

142

24 (18%)

0.63 (0.38-1.03)

0.07

0.68 (0.40-1.21)

0.32

HIV disclosure

Yes

564

129 (22.9%)

0.78 (0.31-1.93)

0.59

  

No

32

6 (18.8%)

Ref

   

Tuberculosis History

Yes

85

14 (29.6%)

0.64 (0.35-1.17)

0.14

0.66 (0.40-1.36)

0.27

No

511

121 (70.4%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Baseline anemia (Hemoglobin < 10 g/dl) (n = 546)

Yes

186

40 (20.4%)

1.26 (0.83-1.92)

0.27

1.05 (0.65-1.61)

0.75

No

410

95 (23.7%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Antiretroviral drug regimen at baseline

ZDV / 3TC / NVP or EFV

242

58 (43%)

Ref

   

D4T / 3TC / NVP or EFV

47

13 (9.6%)

1.21(0.59-2.45)

0.59

1.61 (0.69-3.53)

0.29

TDT / 3TC or FTC / NVP or EFV

307

64 (47.4%)

0.84 (0.56-1.25)

0.38

1.14 (0.77-1.53)

0.83

Drug adherence by pharmacy refill record

>= 95%

549

122 (90.4%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

< 95%

47

13 (9.6%)

1.34 (0.68-2.61)

0.39

1.42 (0.71-2.86)

0.28

Employment status

Employed

496

110 (81.5%)

Ref

   

Unemployed

95

25 (18.5%)

1.25 (0.76-2.07)

0.38

  

Retired

1

0 (0%)

Omitted

Omitted

  

Student

4

0 (0%)

Omitted

Omitted

  

Highest educational achievement

No formal education

288

64 (47.4%)

Ref

   

Primary education

134

28 (20.7%)

0.92 (0.56-1.53)

0.76

  

Secondary education

32

10 (7.4%)

1.59 (0.72-3.53)

0.25

  

Post-secondary / Tertiary / Advanced education (M.Sc., Ph.D.)

142

33 (24.4%)

1.09 (0.67-1.76)

0.73

  

Socio-economic class

Class 1

22

4 (3%)

Ref

   

Class 2

91

17 (12.6%)

1.03 (0.31-3.45)

0.96

  

Class 3

262

68 (50.4%)

1.58 (0.52-4.82)

0.42

  

Class 4

199

42 (31%)

1.20 (0.39-3.75)

0.75

  

Class 5

22

4 (3%)

1.00 (0.22-4.63)

1.00

  

Current smoker

Yes

11

4 (97%)

1.98 (0.57-6.87)

0.28

  

No

585

131 (3%)

Ref

   

Current drug user

Yes

0

0(0%)

Omitted

Omitted

  

No

596

135 (100%)

Ref

   

Current alcohol user

Yes

50

8 (6%)

0.63 (0.29-1.37)

0.24

  

No

546

127 (94%)

Ref

   

Current herbal drug user

Yes

17

6 (4%)

1.90 (0.69-5.24)

0.21

  

No

579

129 (96%)

Ref

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