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Table 2 Clinical characteristics +/−24 hours from the index date according to LRTI manifestation group

From: Impact of positive chest X-ray findings and blood cultures on adverse outcomes following hospitalized pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infection: a population-based cohort study

Characteristics

No infiltrate and no bacteraemia patients

Infiltrate without bacteraemia patients

Bacteraemia patients

 

n (%) a

PR (95% CI)

n (%) a

PR (95% CI)

n (%) a

PR (95% CI)

Medical ward

188 (97)

1.0 (ref.)

229 (92)

0.9 (0.9-1.0)

249 (95)

1.0 (0.9-1.0)

Community acquired b

167 (87)

1.0 (ref.)

217 (87)

1.0 (0.9-1.1)

242 (92)

1.1 (1.0-1.1)

Antibiotics

155 (80)

1.0 (ref.)

235 (94)

1.2 (1.1-1.3)

260 (99)

1.2 (1.2-1.3)

Aetiology

 

Pneumococcal only

137 (71)

1.0 (ref.)

178 (71)

1.0 (0.9-1.1)

219 (84)

1.2 (1.1-1.3)

 

Pneumococcal mixed c

56 (29)

1.0 (ref.)

72 (29)

1.0 (0.7-1.3)

43 (16)

0.6 (0.4-0.8)

Respiratory symptoms d

 

0

0 (0)

1.0 (ref.)

20 (8)

NA

35 (13)

NA

 

1

33 (17)

1.0 (ref.)

25 (10)

0.6 (0.4-0.9)

56 (21)

1.3 (0.8-1.8)

 

2

44 (23)

1.0 (ref.)

59 (24)

1.0 (0.7-1.5)

79 (30)

1.3 (1.0-1.8)

 

≥3

116 (60)

1.0 (ref.)

146 (58)

1.0 (0.8-1.1)

92 (36)

0.6 (0.5-0.7)

Oxygen saturation (peripheral)

94 (91–96)

 

92 (88–95)

 

93 (89–95)

 

Temperature ≥38.5°C

35 (20)

1.0 (ref.)

86 (37)

1.8 (1.3-2.6)

126 (50)

2.5 (1.8-3.4)

MAP (mmHg)

91 (78–103)

 

88 (73–99)

 

80 (72–97)

 

CURB65 ≥2

68 (35)

1.0 (ref.)

121 (48)

1.4 (1.1-1.7)

160 (61)

1.7 (1.4-2.1)

PITT ≥4

12 (6)

1.0 (ref.)

28 (11)

1.8 (0.9-3.4)

41 (16)

2.5 (1.4-4.7)

CRP (mg/L)

 

Median

82 (36–140)

 

163 (70–246)

 

316 (219–404)

 
 

<50

54 (31)

1.0 (ref.)

41 (17)

0.6 (0.4-0.8)

8 (3)

0.1 (0.1-0.2)

 

50-99

46 (26)

1.0 (ref.)

36 (15)

0.6 (0.4-0.9)

14 (6)

0.2 (0.1-0.4)

 

100-199

52 (30)

1.0 (ref.)

68 (29)

1.0 (0.7-1.3)

32 (13)

0.4 (0.3-0.6)

 

≥200

24 (14)

1.0 (ref.)

91 (39)

2.8 (1.9-4.2)

196 (78)

5.7 (3.9-8.4)

Leukocyte count (109/L)

 

Median

14 (11–17)

 

14 (11–19)

 

17 (12–23)

 
 

<3,5

3 (1)

1.0 (ref.)

8 (3)

6.1 (0.8-48.0)

17 (7)

12.2 (1.6-90.5)

 

3.5-8.7

17 (10)

1.0 (ref.)

25 (11)

1.1 (0.6-2.0)

22 (9)

0.9 (0.5-1.7)

 

8.8-14.9

90 (51)

1.0 (ref.)

98 (42)

0.8 (0.7-1.0)

57 (23)

0.5 (0.3-0.6)

 

≥15.0

70 (40)

1.0 (ref.)

103 (44)

1.1 (0.9-1.4)

153 (61)

1.6 (1.3-1.9)

  1. LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; NA, not applicable; MAP, Mean Arterial Pressure; CURB65, Confusion Urea Respiration-frequency Blood-pressure 65years; PITT , Pitt’s bacteraemia severity score; CRP, C-reactive protein.
  2. a In the n (%) columns data are either n (% of everyone we have data for) or median (interquartile range).
  3. b Community acquired infections are defined as having the index date ≤ 2 days form admission.
  4. c Mixed aetiology is defined as finding of other pathogenic bacteria than pneumococci in either blood or LRT specimen.
  5. d Respiratory symptoms include dyspnoea, cough, sputum production and chest pain.
  6. Results were available for >87% of the patients except the individual measures that constitute the CURB65 score (58-99% worst for respiratory frequency and carbamide). CURB65 and PITT were calculated out of everyone, though at least one measure pr. patient was missing in 60-62% of patients for the CURB65 score and 9-18% for the PITT score. Missing valuables were regarded as “no”. Sums were thus calculated as “minimums”.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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