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Table 1 Multiple logistic regression analysis of factors associated with carriage of multi-drug resistant E. coli among healthy women attending antenatal clinics in two hospitals in Ujjain, India

From: Frequency and factors associated with carriage of multi-drug resistant commensal Escherichia coliamong women attending antenatal clinics in Central India

Factor

Total

 

MDR

 

n = 710

%a

n = 35

%a

OR (95% CI)

P value

Age (in years)b

      

  15 to 19

55

95

2

5

1

 

  20 to 29

434

94

20

6

0.59 (0.13-2.67)

0.49

  30 to 39

201

94

10

6

0.50 (0.09-2.70)

0.42

  40 to 45

20

80

3

20

2.19 (0.23-20.9)

0.49

Educationb

      

  Illiterate

393

94

17

6

1

 

  Up-to primary

240

97

6

3

0.69 (0.21-2.18)

0.53

  Up-to higher secondary

47

91

3

9

1.27 (0.26-6.27)

0.76

  Graduate or post graduate

30

60

9

40

3.98 (1.05-15.10)

0.04

Occupation

      

  Salaried

207

87

19

13

1

 

  Self-employed

503

96

16

4

0.41 (0.15-1.06)

0.06

Family sizeb

      

  Less than or equal to 4

339

94

14

6

1

 

  Between 5–10

321

96

10

4

0.51 (0.17-1.47)

0.21

  More than 10

50

70

11

30

4.97 (1.51-16.33)

0.008

Reported antibiotic usage (last 4 weeks)

      

  No

663

97

13

3

1

 

  Yes

47

36

22

64

17.01 (6.35-45.51)

<0.001

Reported Hospitalization (last 4 weeks)

      

Yes

659

97

13

3

1

 

No

51

41

22

59

26.99(10.32-70.5)

<0.001

  1. %a row percentage; b The first value within the variable acted as reference value for logistic regression; OR- Odds ratio; CI-confidence interval;
  2. OR significant at P = 0.05 are shown in bold face; MDR- multi-drug resistance (co-resistance to three different classes of antibiotics).