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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics and disease burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, stratified by age group

From: Clinical and economic burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults: a multicenter hospital-based study

 

Total (n= 970)

18-49 Years (n= 215)

50-64 Years (n= 320)

65-74 Years (n= 266)

≥75 Years (n= 169)

p-value

Age, mean±SD

60.9±15.0

38.8±7.9

58.2±4.1

69.3±2.7

81.0±4.4

< 0.01

Risk group, no. (%)

     

< 0.01

High risk

264 (27.2)

38 (17.7)

112 (35.0)

86 (32.3)

28 (16.6)

 

Moderate risk

423 (43.6)

91 (42.3)

147 (45.9)

108 (40.6)

77 (45.5)

 

Low risk

283 (29.2)

86 (40.0)

61 (19.1)

72 (27.1)

64 (37.9)

 

Sex (male), no. (%)

673 (69.4)

139 (64.7)a

237 (74.1)b

191 (71.8)b

106 (62.7)a

0.02

ECOG performance status grade 4, no. (%)

89 (9.2)

10 (4.7)a

19 (5.9)a

27 (10.2)b

33 (19.5)c

< 0.01

Heavy alcoholic, no. (%)*

99 (10.2)

32 (14.9)a

46 (14.4)a

14 (5.3)b

7 (4.1)b

< 0.01

Current smoker, no. (%)

171 (17.6)

46 (21.4)a

60 (18.8)a

48 (18.0)a

17 (10.1)b

0.03

Comorbid condition, no. (%)

630 (64.9)

95 (44.2)a

235 (73.4)b

188 (70.7)b

112 (66.3)b

< 0.01

Splenic dysfunction

8 (0.8)

4 (1.9)

1 (0.3)

3 (1.1)

0 (0)

0.14

Multiple myeloma

38 (3.9)

2 (0.9)a

23 (7.2)b

10 (3.8)b

3 (1.8)ab

< 0.01

Other hematologic malignancy

26 (2.7)

7 (3.3)a

8 (2.5)b

8 (3.0)b

3 (1.8)a

0.81

Chemotherapy

163 (16.8)

18 (8.4)

74 (23.1)

55 (20.7)

16 (9.5)

< 0.01

Solid organ/stem cell transplantation

6 (0.6)

3 (1.4)

2 (0.6)

0 (0)

1 (0.6)

0.29

Long-term steroid therapy

11 (1.1)

4 (1.9)

3 (0.9)

2 (0.8)

2 (1.2)

0.69

Chronic renal failure

54 (5.6)

9 (4.2)

20 (6.3)

17 (6.4)

8 (4.7)

0.65

Nephrotic syndrome

2 (0.2)

1 (0.5)

1 (0.3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.62

HIV infection

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.4)

0 (0)

0.45

Diabetes mellitus

206 (21.2)

23 (10.7)a

78 (24.4)b

60 (22.6)b

45 (26.6)b

< 0.01

Chronic liver disease

133 (13.7)

31 (14.4)a

71 (22.2)b

23 (8.6)c

8 (4.7)c

< 0.01

Chronic pulmonary disease

81 (8.4)

4 (1.9)a

23 (7.2)b

25 (9.4)b

29 (17.2)c

< 0.01

Chronic cardiovascular disease

76 (7.8)

9 (4.2)a

17 (5.3)a

22 (8.3)a

28 (16.6)b

< 0.01

Cerebrovascular disease

58 (6.0)

9 (4.2)a

12 (3.8)a

23 (8.6)b

14 (8.3)ab

0.03

Neurodegenerative disease

14 (1.4)

0 (0)a

2 (0.6)a

5 (1.9)ab

7 (4.1)b

< 0.01

Neuromuscular disease

9 (0.9)

2 (0.9)

2 (0.6)

2 (0.8)

3 (1.8)

0.37

Clinical presentation, no. (%)

      

Primary bacteremia

190 (19.6)

40 (18.6)ab

75 (23.4)a

55 (20.7)a

20 (11.8)b

0.02

Bacteremic pneumonia

538 (55.5)

102 (47.4)a

160 (50.0)a

150 (56.4)a

126 (74.6)b

< 0.01

Empyema

49 (5.1)

4 (1.9)a

14 (4.4)a

25 (9.4)b

6 (3.6)a

< 0.01

Meningitis

84 (8.7)

35 (16.3)a

21 (6.6)b

20 (7.5)b

8 (4.7)b

< 0.01

Peritonitis

74 (7.6)

23 (10.7)a

33 (10.3)a

13 (4.9)b

5 (3.0)b

< 0.01

Septic arthritis

13 (1.3)

1 (0.5)

5 (1.6)

3 (1.1)

4 (2.4)

0.42

Infective endocarditis

2 (0.2)

1 (0.5)

1 (0.3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.62

Time from symptom onset to admission (days), mean±SD

3.5±8.5

4.0±9.0

2.8±4.7

4.1±12.5

2.9±4.6

0.22

Recurrent infection, no. (%)

8 (0.8)

2 (0.9)

5 (1.6)

1 (0.4)

0

0.24

Site of acquisition of infection, no. (%)

     

< 0.01

Community

794 (81.9)

191 (88.8)

265 (82.8)

215 (80.8)

123 (72.8)

 

Long-term care facility

42 (4.3)

4 (1.9)

7 (2.2)

7 (2.6)

24 (14.2)

 

Tertiary referral hospital

134 (13.8)

20 (9.3)

48 (15.0)

44 (16.6)

22 (13.0)

 

Proportion of IPD (cases/1,000 hospitalized patients)

0.36

0.21a

0.39b

0.49c

0.69d

< 0.01

Case fatality rate, no. (%)

281/909 (30.9)

38/207 (18.4)a

83/309 (26.9)a

86/243 (35.4)b

74/150 (49.3)c

< 0.01

Direct medical costs per case‡

     

0.11

Mean (95% CI)

US $7,452

US $6,223

US $8,191

US $7,910

US $6,956

 
 

(6,816-8,088)

(5,218-7,229)

(6,963-9420)

(6,645-9,175)

(5,351-8,561)

 

Median (IQR)

US $4,772

US $4,092

US $5,095

US $5,320

US $4,439

 
 

(2,378-8,698)

(2,364-7,844)

(2,898-9,018)

(2,796-10,590)

(1,844-8,136)

 
  1. ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; IQR, inter-quartile range.
  2. NOTE: The same letters (alphabetical superscripts) indicate non-significant differences between groups based on either Tukey’s multiple comparison tests or chi-square tests.
  3. * Defined as alcohol use for more than 5 days a week or having a diagnosis of alcoholism.
  4. Case fatality rates were based only on patients whose survival or death was confirmed.
  5. KRW1200=US$1.