Table 2 Risk factors for infection in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: source case and exposure characteristics (n = 228)

Age of source case (n = 219)

16–25

55

31 (56.4)

1

0.06

0.67 (0.45–1.00)

0.05²

26–35

86

40 (46.5)

0.67 (0.34–1.33)

0.02²

>35

78

28 (35.9)

0.43 (0.21–0.88)

Gender of source case (n = 226)

Female

138

62 (44.9)

1

0.93

Male

88

39 (43.3)

0.98 (0.57–1.67)

Smoking status of source case (n = 225)

Non-smoker

130

52 (40.0)

1

0.09

Smoker

95

49 (51.6)

1.60 (0.94–2.73)

Alcohol use by source case (n = 225)³

Never drinks

166

65 (39.2)

1

0.004

1

0.007

Drinks alcohol

59

36 (61.0)

2.43 (1.32–4.47)

2.59 (1.29–5.22)

Smear result of source case (n = 224)

Negative

28

9 (32.1)

1

0.17

Positive

196

90 (45.9)

1.79 (0.77–4.16)

Smear grade of source case (n = 217)

Negative

28

9 (32.1)

1

0.13

Scanty

18

8 (44.4)

1.69 (0.50–5.73)

1+

28

15 (53.6)

2.44 (0.82–7.22)

2+

107

44 (41.1)

1.47 (0.61–3.56)

3+

36

22 (61.1)

3.31 (1.17–9.37)

HIV status of source case (n = 224)

Negative

150

79 (52.7)

1

<0.001

1

0.06

Positive

74

20 (27.0)

0.33 (0.18–0.61)

0.48 (0.22–1.04)

CD4 count of source case if HIV-positive (n = 71)

<200

33

7 (21.2)

1

0.46

>200

38

11 (28.9)

1.51 (0.50–4.56)

Relationship of source case to child

Parents

100

38 (38.0)

1

0.34

Grandparent

31

15 (48.4)

1.53 (0.68–3.45)

Uncle or aunt

66

33 (50.0)

1.63 (0.87–3.06)

Other

31

16 (51.6)

1.74 (0.77–3.92)

Duration of exposure between source case and child

Less than a month

30

13 (43.3)

1

0.62

One month to six months

92

38 (41.3)

0.92 (0.40–2.11)

More than six months

106

51 (48.1)

1.21 (0.54–2.74)

Primary caregiver to child

Index case

55

21 (38.2)

1

0.26

Not index case

173

81 (46.8)

1.43 (0.77–2.65)

Frequency of contact between source case and child

Daily

213

93 (43.7)

1

0.23

Less frequently

15

9 (60.0)

1.94 (0.67–5.63)

Intensity of contact between child and source case

Sleeps in the same bed

57

25 (43.9)

1

0.67

Sleeps in the same room

34

13 (38.2)

0.79 (0.33–1.89)

Sleeps in the same house

101

45 (44.6)

1.03 (0.53–1.98)

Sleeps in a different house

36

19 (52.8)

1.43 (0.62–3.31)