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Table 3 Validation of putative superinfection cases

From: Superinfection with drug-resistant HIV is rare and does not contribute substantially to therapy failure in a large European cohort

Patient

Origin/Follow-up

Sex

Risk

Sub-

Validated

Result of

Identified

Estimated

   

group

types

gene

validation

mixed-up

date of

       

sample

event

Case1

-/Spain

M

HET

B,*

POL

monophyletic

10/26/2000

 

Case2

Spain/Spain

M

HET

B

POL ENV

monophyletic

02/19/2004

 

Case3

Spain/Spain

F

HET

B,G

POL ENV

monophyletic1

04/19/2004

 

Case4

Sweden/Sweden

M

MSM

B

POL ENV

monophyletic

05/05/2004

 

Case5

Eritrea/Sweden

M

NA

C

ENV

monophyletic2

  

Case6

-/Belgium

M

HET

*

ENV

monophyletic

  

Case7

-/Italy

M

MSM

*,B

POL

monophyletic

01/25/2006

 

Case8

Italy/Italy

M

VERT

B

POL ENV

cluster of closely related samples

  

Case9

-/Italy

M

NA

B

POL ENV

monophyletic

19/07/1999

 

Case10

-/Italy

M

NA

B

POL

monophyletic

04/20/1998

 

Case11

Italy/Italy

F

HET

B

POL

monophyletic

09/10/1997

 

Case12

Italy/Italy

F

IVDU

B

POL

monophyletic

11/24/1998

 

Case13

-/Italy

F

HET

B

POL ENV

POL: non monophyletic ENV: non monophyletic but fails criteria (low support)

 

Jan 98- May 98

Case14

-/Italy

M

IVDU

B

POL ENV

POL: non monophyletic ENV: non monophyletic but fails criteria (low support)

 

Nov 97- Nov 98

Control1

Spain/Spain

M

MSM

*

POL ENV

monophyletic

  

Control2

Spain/Spain

M

HET

B

POL ENV

monophyletic

  

Control3

-/Spain

M

HET

*

ENV

monophyletic

  

Control4

-/Belgium

M

HET

CRF 02_AG

ENV

monophyletic

  
  1. Results of the validation of 14 cases of putative superinfection and 4 controls. Samples where thawed, amplified and pol and env regions where sequenced as described in the Methods. Full circles indicate confirmed superinfection cases. Notes: 1the sample before the superinfection event was unavailable, an alternative was used; 2neither of the original samples were available and two alternatives were used. An asterisk (*) indicates that subtype could not be determined uniquely. Abbreviations: IVDU - intravenous drug users; HET - heterosexuals; MSM - men having sex with men; VERT - vertical transmission; NA - unknown; F - Female; M - Male.