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Table 4 Characteristics of childhood TB cases in the Netherlands 2005–2012 according to method of case finding, and characteristics associated with risk to be detected with passive case finding

From: The epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis in the Netherlands: still room for prevention

 

Method of case detection

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted#OR (95% CI)

Active case finding

Passive case finding

Number (row%)

Number (row%)

Total

258 (64%)

145 (36%)

  

Age group

0-1 years

39 (70%)

17 (30%)

0.40 (0.21-0.77)

 

2-4 years

73 (74%)

25 (26%)

0.31 (0.18-0.55)

 

5-9 years

79 (72%)

30 (28%)

0.35 (0.20-0.60)

 

10-14 years

67 (48%)

73 (52%)

1.0

 

Ethnic origin

foreign-born

subtotal foreign-born

71 (56%)

76 (44%)

4.6 (2.4-8.8)

 

 in NL since

0-6 months

31 (65%)

17 (35%)

2.3 (1.0-5.2)

1.4 (0.54-3.7)

7-30 months

18 (40%)

27 (60%)

6.3 (2.8-14.3)

3.9 (1.4-10.7)

> 2.5. years

22 (41%)

32 (59%)

6.1 (2.8-13.4)

2.7 (1.0-6.8)

Dutch born

both parents Dutch born

63 (81%)

15 (19%)

1.0

 

2d generation immigrant

124 (70%)

54 (30%)

1.8 (0.96-3.5)

1.4 (0.63-2.9)

BCG

BCG-vaccinated

67 (54%)

57 (46%)

1.8 (1.2-2.9)

 

No BCG vaccination or unknown

191 (68%)

88 (32%)

1.0

 

Type of TB

PTB + PETB

subtotal PTB + PETB

162 (66%)

88 (34%)

  

ZN positive

6 (18%)

27 (82%)

17.8 (6.6-48.2)

7.4 (2.4-23.0)

ZN negative, culture positive

21 (38%)

34 (62%)

6.2 (3.0-12.7)

3.0 (1.2-7.2)

culture negative or unknown

135 (86%)

22 (14%)

0.67 (0.36-1.3)

0.60 (0.31-1.2)

ETB

subtotal ETB

96 (61%)

62 (39%)

  

culture positive

5 (11%)

83 (89%)

30.9 (10.9-87.1)

11.6 (3.6-37.4)

culture negative or unknown

91 (80%)

23 (20%)

1.0

1.0

Culture

not done or unknown

184 (87%)

28 (13%)

10.4 (6.3-17.0)

2.6 (1.2-5.3)

culture performed

74 (39%)

117 (61%)

1.0

1.0

  1. Definition of abbreviations: CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, BCG Bacille Calmette-Guérin, PTB pulmonary tuberculosis, ETB extrapulmonary tuberculosis, PETB combined pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, NL Netherlands, ZN Ziehl Neelsen microscopy of sputum. Categories in italics are subtotals and not used in the regression analysis.
  2. # Covariates used in the multivariate regression analysis: Age group, ethnic origin, BCG, type of TB and culture.