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Table 2 Characteristics and stool microscopic examination findings among individuals of TS gastroenteritis with diarrhea patients negative for TS in urban Dhaka (2000–2012)

From: Gastroenteritis due to typhoidal Salmonella: a decade of observation at an urban and a rural diarrheal disease hospital in Bangladesh

Characteristic

TS n = 77 (%)

Diarrhea patients negative for TS n = 231 (%)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI) p value

Adjusted OR (95% CI) p value

Male sex

43 (56)

129 (56)

1.00 (0.58, 1.74) 0.8

-

Age stratum

   

-

0-14 years

39 (51)

117 (51)

1.00 (0.58, 1.73) 0.8

-

15 years and above

38 (49)

114 (49)

-

-

Maternal illiteracy

21/39 (54)

35/117 (30)

2.73 (1.22, 6.15) 0.012

-

Paternal illiteracy

19/39 (49)

40/117 (34)

1.83 (0.82, 4.07) 0.1

-

Poor socio-economic status (median monthly family income < US$115)

46 (60)

119 (52)

1.40 (0.80, 2.44) 0.2

-

Use of non-sanitary toilet

23 (30)

0 (0)

-

-

H/o abdominal pain

35 (46)

100 (43)

1.09 (0.63, 1.89) 0.8

-

H/o vomiting in the last 24 hours

63 (82)

164 (71)

1.84 (0.93, 3.70) 0.085

-

Fever (Temperature ≥37.8°C)

13 (17)

9 (4)

5.01 (1.90, 13.41) <0.001

5.86 (2.16, 15.94) 0.001

Watery stool (lack of mucus/blood)

74 (96)

219 (95)

1.35 (0.34, 6.21) 0.7

-

Dehydration (moderate/severe)

52 (68)

149 (65)

1.14 (0.64, 2.06) 0.7

-

Duration of diarrhea (>1 day)

50 (65)

105 (46)

2.22 (1.26, 3.93) 0.004

1.27 (0.66, 2.46) 0.5

Hospital stay of ≥24 hours

31 (40)

84 (36)

1.18 (0.67, 2.07) 0.6

-

Use of IV rehydration

19 (25)

92 (40)

0.49 (0.27, 0.92) 0.023

0.72 (0.36, 1.46) 0.368

Use of antimicrobial at home

58 (75)

85 (37)

5.24 (2.82, 9.81) <0.001

5.08 (2.60, 9.90) <0.001

Wasting (<5 years)

13/30 (43)

22/103 (21)

2.82 (1.09, 7.27) 0.030

-

Stunting (<5 years)

16/30 (53)

26/103 (25)

3.16 (1.27, 7.90) 0.011

-

Underweight (<5 years)

21/30 (70)

34/103 (33)

4.74 (1.82, 12.62) 0.006

-

Fecal red blood cell/hpf (1 to >50)

33 (43)

67 (29)

1.84 (1.04, 3.24) 0.035

2.53 (1.38, 4.64) 0.003

Fecal leukocytes/hpf (11 to >50)

37 (48)

96 (42)

1.30 (0.75, 2.26) 0.3

-

Fecal macrophage/hpf (1 to 10)

22 (29)

45 (20)

1.65 (0.88, 3.11) 0.1

-

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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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