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Table 3 Univariable risk factor analysis for cholera compared to shigellosis among patients ≥ 5 years old hospitalized for diarrhea, icddr,b hospitals, Bangladesh, 2000–2008

From: Risk factors for diarrhea hospitalization in Bangladesh, 2000–2008: a case-case study of cholera and shigellosis

 

Rural univariable

Urban univariable

(n = 1,507)

(n = 2,203)

Cholera/Total (%)

RR

95% CI

Cholera/Total (%)

RR

95% CI

Sociodemographic

      

 Age (10 yr. intervals)

-

0.94

(0.92-0.95)

-

0.97

(0.96-0.98)

 Female sex

588/845 (70)

0.98

(0.92-1.05)

891/969 (92)

1.01

(0.98-1.04)

 No. household members

-

1.03

(1.01-1.04)

-

1

(1.00-1.00)

 Education a,b

      

  None

782/1095 (71)

1

-

1609/1743 (92)

1

-

  1-5 years

181/268 (68)

0.95

(0.86-1.04)

210/232 (91)

0.98

(0.94-1.02)

  6-9 years

84/120 (70)

0.98

(0.87-1.11)

135/151 (89)

0.97

(0.92-1.02)

  >9 years

11/24 (46)

0.64

(0.41-0.99)

60/77 (78)

0.84

(0.75-0.95)

 Household income (USD/mo.) c

      

  >84

416/647 (64)

1

-

789/882 (89)

1

-

  50-84

494/657 (75)

1.17

(1.09-1.26)

780/833 (94)

1.05

(1.02-1.08)

  34-49

127/168 (76)

1.18

(1.06-1.30)

273/302 (90)

1.01

(0.97-1.06)

  ≤34

21/35 (60)

0.93

(0.71-1.23)

172/186 (92)

1.03

(0.99-1.08)

 Residence in a slum

-

-

 

342/367 (93)

1.02

(0.99-1.06)

 Homeownership

1045/1480 (71)

1.41

(0.96-2.08)

174/202 (86)

0.94

(0.88-0.99)

 Cement floor in home

70/122 (57)

0.80

(0.69-0.94)

1555/1714 (91)

0.97

(0.94-0.99)

Sanitation & Water

      

 Improved toilet facilities

78/122 (64)

0.90

(0.79-1.04)

1336/1480 (90)

0.96

(0.94-0.99)

 Dist. to drinking water (10 m increments)

-

1.01

(1.00-1.01)

-

1

(1.00-1.01)

 Source of water

      

  Tap

3/3 (100)

1.50

(1.34-1.67)

1784/1959 (91)

0.96

(0.93-1.00)

  Tube well

108/162 (67)

1

-

210/222 (95)

1

-

  Surfaced

947/1342 (71)

1.06

(0.94-1.19)

18/19 (95)

1.00

(0.90-1.12)

 Drinking water treatment

      

  None

1000/1426 (70)

1

-

1312/1416 (93)

1

-

  Boiling

8/15 (53)

0.76

(0.47-1.22)

686/770 (89)

0.96

(0.93-0.99)

  Other

50/66 (76)

1.08

(0.94-1.24)

16/17 (94)

1.02

(0.90-1.15)

Other potential correlates

      

 Distance to hospital (km)

-

1.02

(1.01-1.02)

-

1

(1.00-1.00)

 Family member with diarrhea in past week

162/194 (84)

1.22

(1.14-1.32)

316/326 (97)

1.07

(1.05-1.10)

  1. aEducation of patient for those ≥15 years of age; education of mother for those <15 years old.
  2. bStatistical evidence of a decreasing trend among urban residents (P = 0.002).
  3. cStatistical evidence of an increasing trend among rural residents (P = 0.003).
  4. dWater from rivers, ponds, and ditches was categorized as surface water.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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