Study | All studies | Initial treatment/Negative culture | Gram + | Gram - |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total of studies (case series and RCTs) | 84 [15-98] | 44 [15-24,26,28,34,40,55,57,60-87] | 36 [15,18,20-25,29,30,33-37,42,44,48,50,54,55,57,63,75,77,85,86,88-95] | 32 [15,18,20,22,23,25,,31,32,35-37,39,41,45-47,49,50,52,55,57,63,69,77,78,86,91,93,96-98] |
No. of patients/No. of episodes | 9.268/16.109 | 4.411/7.315 | 3,526/6,259 | 2,549/4,925 |
Basal renal disease | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Branchio-oto-renal syndrome | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Chronic tubulointerstitial disease | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetes | 51 | 16 | 14 | 10 |
Glomerulonephritis | 33 | 12 | 10 | 6 |
Gouty | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hypertension | 21 | 13 | 8 | 5 |
IgA nephropathy | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Interstitial nephritis | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Systemic lupus | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Malignancy | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Multiple myeloma | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Nephrosclerosis | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Obstruction/Reflux | 15 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
Others/unknown | 25 | 11 | 8 | 3 |
Pyelonephritis | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Policystic kidney disease | 24 | 8 | 8 | 5 |
Renal artery stenosis | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Renovascular | 12 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Systemic autoimmune disease | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
AIDS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Chronic lung disease | 7 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Connective tissue disorder | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Congestive heart failure | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Coronary heart disease | 9 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
Current smoker | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Dementia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetes | 16 | 6 | 8 | 5 |
Hemiplegia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Mild liver disease | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Secondary hyperparathyroidism | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Any Tumor, Leukemia, Lymphoma | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Type of dialysis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CAPD | 50 | 32 | 24 | 23 |
APD | 11 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Not reported | 37 | 9 | 11 | 9 |
Any change from APD to CAPD | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Mean age (years) | 57,36 | 55,65 | 58,44 | 56,53 |