Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature

Table 6 Reproduction numbers from novel influenza outbreaks

Year(s)	Subtype	Study Population	Mean GT/SI^a	Reproduction number (R)	95% CI^b	Basic or Effective	Case definition	Reference	Year Published
1976	H1N1	New Jersey	1.9	1.20	1.1–1.4	Basic	Serologically confirmed illness	[122]	2007
2004–2006	H5N1	Vietnam	7	0.00	0–0.42	Effective	Laboratory confirmed illness	[119]	2008
2004–2006	H5N1	Indonesia	7	0.00	0–0	Effective	Laboratory confirmed illness	[119]	2008
2005	H5N1	Turkey	9.5	<1		Basic	Laboratory confirmed illness	[123]	2007
2005–2009	H5N1	Indonesia	6	0.1–0.25	0–0.4	Effective	Laboratory confirmed illness	[124]	2012
2006	H5N1	Indonesia	9.5	1.14	0.61–2.14	Basic	Laboratory confirmed illness	[123]	2007
Median reproduction number for novel influenza outbreaks: 0.34; Interquartile range 0.05–0.98

^aThe generation time (GT) or serial interval (SI) assumed in the reproduction number estimation.
NR = Not reported.
^bConfidence interval.
This table is also available as a .csv file as Additional file 6.

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