Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Proteus mirabilis: a longitudinal nationwide study from the Taiwan surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (TSAR) program

Table 4 Univariate analysis for factors associated with carriage of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases genes in Proteus mirabilis

Variables	ESBL				AmpC β-lactamases
	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval		P	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval		P
		Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Study year (using TSAR VIII [2012] as baseline)^a
TSAR III (2002)	0.45	0.20	1.01	0.053	-	-	-	-
TSAR IV (2004)	0.94	0.49	1.83	0.866	0.52	0.20	1.34	0.174
TSAR V (2006)	0.99	0.53	1.89	0.995	0.40	0.15	1.08	0.070
TSAR VI (2008)	0.61	0.30	1.23	0.167	0.70	0.31	1.61	0.406
TSAR VII (2010)	0.47	0.22	1.04	0.064	1.35	0.63	2.86	0.438
Age groups (using adult as baseline)^b
Pediatric patients	0.29	0.04	2.24	0.233	1.07	0.29	4.05	0.916
Elderly patients	4.01	2.11	7.63	<0.001	2.22	1.06	4.62	0.034
Specimen types (using blood as baseline)
Urine	0.90	0.48	1.69	0.745	0.89	0.40	2.02	0.788
Sputum	0.56	0.25	1.24	0.153	0.75	0.28	2.00	0.569
Pus/abscess	1.56	0.74	3.26	0.241	1.48	0.57	3.85	0.426
others	0.97	0.33	2.83	0.956	0.33	0.04	2.69	0.300
Patients’ location (using outpatient as baseline)
Non-ICU	2.46	1.29	4.70	0.006	1.07	0.41	2.77	0.890
ICU	2.23	0.99	4.98	0.051	1.21	0.66	2.21	0.545

^aThere were no AmpC β-lactamase gene positive isolates in TSAR III (2002).
^bDefinition of age groups for pediatric, adult, and elderly patients was < = 18, 19–64, and > =65 year olds, respectively.

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