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Table 3 Factors investigated for correlation with CDI (n = 122)

From: Polymerase chain reaction ribotyping of Clostridium difficileisolates in Qatar: a hospital-based study

Correlating factors

Infected with CDI N = 122 (%)

Correlating ribotypes

PPI use*

65 (53.3%)

014, 258, 046,053, 017 and 001

Age ≥ 65 yr

41 (33.6%)

107, 001,103, 011,116, 126,015, 017, 183, 186, 003,046, 053, 056, 078, 081, 084

Medicinal steroid use*

29 (23.7%)

258, 014, 001,106, 107, 015, 016, 183, 193, 353, 046, 081, 095

NSAID*

28 (23%)

107, 258, 011, 103, 014, 174, 183,193, 020, 353, 004, 046, 056, 081, 084, 087

Immunosupression

25 (20.5%)

014, 015, 046 , 258, 001,106, 116, 016,017, 183, 186, 193, 353

Chemotherapy*

18 (14.7%)

046, 001, 106, 116, 014,183,186, 193, 216, 258,003, 353

CKD

17 (14%)

011, 116,126, 014, 017, 174, 046, 078, 084

CLD

5 (4.1%)

183, 186, 003

Organ-transplant

4 (3.3%)

011

IBD

1 (0.8%)

015, 056

  1. *PPI: Proton Pump Inhibitor; NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CLD: Chronic liver disease.
  2. All treatments were administered up to 3 months prior to acquiring CDI.
  3. NS: Non-significant.