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Table 3 Use of antimicrobials as treatment in infected patients

From: Infections, antibiotic treatment and mortality in patients admitted to ICUs in countries considered to have high levels of antibiotic resistance compared to those with low levels

 

LowABR ICU patients

HighABR ICU patients

p-value

(n = 255)

(n = 1187)

Antimicrobial, n (%)

   

Cephalosporins (all)

84 (32.9)

206 (17.4)

<0.001

Cefazolin

4 (1.6)

4 (0.3)

0.016

Cefuroxime

46 (18.0)

2 (0.2)

<0.001

Ceftazidime

8 (3.1)

40 (3.4)

0.851

Cefepime/Cefpirome

1 (0.4)

24 (2.0)

0.070

Other cephalosporins

26 (10.2)

139 (11.7)

0.491

Penicillins (all)

84 (32.9)

400 (33.7)

0.816

Benzylpenicillin

16 (6.3)

3 (0.3)

<0.001

Ampicillin

5 (2.0)

29 (2.4)

0.645

Amoxycillin + Clavulanic acid

16 (6.3)

71 (6.0)

0.858

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

27 (10.6)

273 (23.0)

<0.001

Oxa-/Cloxa-/Flucloxacillin

14 (5.5)

16 (1.3)

<0.001

Other penicillins

8 (3.1)

20 (1.7)

0.127

Other β-lactams (all)

44 (17.3)

381 (32.1)

<0.001

Imipenem/meropenem

44 (17.3)

365 (30.7)

<0.001

Aztreonam

0 (0.0)

13 (1.1)

0.093

Unspecified beta-lactams

0 (0.0)

7 (0.6)

0.219

Aminoglycosides (all)

17 (6.7)

202 (17.0)

<0.001

Amikacin

0 (0.0)

114 (9.6)

<0.001

Tobramycin

11 (4.3)

26 (2.2)

0.052

Other aminoglycosides

6 (2.4)

66 (5.6)

<0.001

Quinolones (all)

38 (14.9)

242 (20.4)

0.045

Ciprofloxacin

31 (12.2)

128 (10.8)

0.525

Other quinolones

7 (2.7)

114 (9.7)

<0.001

Glycopeptides (all)

30 (11.8)

272 (22.9)

<0.001

Vancomycin

30 (11.8)

193 (16.3)

0.072

Other glycopeptides

0 (0.0)

81 (6.8)

<0.001

Macrolides (all)

13 (5.1)

48 (4.0)

0.448

Erythromycin

6 (2.4)

4 (0.3)

<0.001

Other macrolides

7 (2.7)

44 (3.7)

0.451

Other antibiotics (all)

55 (21.6)

321 (27.0)

0.071

Metronidazole

36 (14.1)

71 (6.0)

<0.001

Cotrimoxazole

5 (2.0)

30 (2.5)

0.594

Oxazolidinone

0 (0.0)

128 (10.8)

<0.001

Tigecycline

0 (0.0)

21 (1.8)

0.032

Unspecified

19 (7.5)

130 (11.0)

0.096

Antifungals (all)

52 (20.4)

209 (17.6)

0.295

Fluconazole

31 (12.2)

110 (9.3)

0.159

Amphotericin B

4 (1.6)

18 (1.5)

0.951

Amphotericin lipid complex

3 (1.2)

21 (1.8)

0.502

Caspofungin

12 (4.7)

40 (3.4)

0.299

Voriconazole

1 (0.4)

31 (2.6)

0.029

Other antifungals

1 (0.4)

2 (0.2)

0.477

Antivirals (all)

3 (1.2)

22 (1.9)

0.452