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Table 3 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with risk of hearing loss among patients treated for MDR-TB

From: Successful MDR-TB treatment regimens including Amikacin are associated with high rates of hearing loss

 

Hearing loss (diagnosed clinically and through audiometry) aOR (95% CI)

Hearing loss confirmed by audiometry aOR (95% CI)

Hearing loss diagnosed clinically aOR (95% CI)

Age category in years

15 – 29 years

1.00

1.00

1.00

30 – 39 years

3.8 (1.46 – 9.88)

2.88 (0.96 – 8.63)

4.89 (1.26 – 18.97)

40 – 49 years

5.21 (1.93 – 14.04)

4.49 (1.44 – 14.00)

5.57 (1.39 – 22.36)

≥ 50 years

2.78 (0.83 – 9.34)

1.99 (0.46 – 7.87)

4.12 (0.83 – 20.51)

Sex

Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

Male

0.72 (0.46 – 1.37)

0.78 (0.467 – 1.30)

0.64 (0.37 – 1.11)

HIV status

HIV infection

1.32 (0.83 – 2.12)

1.53 (0.89 – 2.62)

1.13 (0.62 – 2.06)

TB treatment history

Never treated for TB before

1.00

1.00

1.00

New TB regimen

1.24 (0.51 – 3.04)

1.01 (0.38 – 3.02)

1.47 (0.46 – 4.66)

Retreatment regimen

1.64 (0.69 – 3.91)

1.63 (0.60 – 4.36)

1.56 (0.51 – 4.78)

*Treated for MDR–TB

Predicts outcome perfectly

Predicts outcome perfectly

Predicts outcome perfectly

Mean creatinine clearance per month in millilitre [mL]/minute

> 60 mL/minute

1.00

1.00

1.00

40 – 60 mL/minute

1.48 (1.05 – 2.09)

1.07 (0.50 – 2.28)

1.27 (0.54 – 2.98)

20 – 40 mL/minute

1.81 (0.87 – 3.75)

3.35 (1.07 – 10.53)

1.19 (0.29 – 4.82)

< 20 mL/minute

1.51 (0.67 – 3.36)

1.52 (0.34 – 6.71)

1.18 (0.25 – 5.40)

£Duration of amikacin treatment in months

1.98 (1.86 – 2.12)

1.85 (0.94 – 3.99)

1.93 (0.89 – 3.97)

Â¥Mean dose of amikacin per kilogram per month

1.15 (1.04 – 1.28)

1.11 (1.00 – 1.23)

1.18 (1.04 – 1.33)

Interaction between the duration of amikacin treatment and amikacin dose

1.23 (1.11 – 1.35)

  
  1. *Previous history of MDR–TB treatment before enrolment in the study, ¥aOR of amikacin dose indicates the increasing risk of ototoxicity per mg/kg/month, £aOR of duration of amikacin treatment indicates the risk of ototoxicity per month.