Male circumcision and the incidence and clearance of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men: the HPV Infection in men (HIM) cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in the study cohort

	Uncircumcised N = 2564		Circumcised N = 1469
	N	% column	N	% column	P-value^a
Age (years)					<0.0001
Mean (SD)	33.3 (10.3)		31.0 (12.2)
18-30	1125	43.9	841	57.2
31-44	1125	43.9	421	28.7
45-70	314	12.2	207	14.1
Country of residence					<0.0001
USA	247	9.6	1068	72.7
Brazil	1200	46.8	198	13.5
Mexico	1117	43.6	203	13.8
Marital status					<0.0001
Single	955	37.4	861	58.7
Married	1040	40.7	332	22.6
Cohabiting	374	14.6	108	7.4
Divorced/Separated/Widowed	187	7.3	165	11.3
Current smoker					0.054
No	1931	75.5	1147	78.2
Yes	628	24.5	320	21.8
Sexual orientation					<0.0001
MSW	2107	82.5	1285	87.8
MSWM	162	6.3	55	3.8
MSM	134	5.2	42	2.9
No sex	151	5.9	82	5.6
Lifetime number of female sexual partners					0.025
Median (SD)	6 (2047.3)		7 (78.2)
0	253	10.6	137	9.7
1	193	8.1	130	9.2
2-9	1044	43.6	566	39.9
10-19	423	17.7	246	17.3
20-49	355	14.8	238	16.8
50+	124	5.2	101	7.1
Number of female sexual partners in past 3–6 months					<0.0001
Mean (SD)	1.4 (2.3)		1.3 (1.7)
0	722	30.7	347	24.8
1	948	40.3	690	49.3
2	351	14.9	165	11.8
3+	329	14.0	197	14.1
Lifetime number of male sexual partners					<0.0001
Median (SD)	0 (71.1)		0 (25.9)
0	2132	84.1	1334	90.9
1	108	4.3	41	2.8
2-9	173	6.8	55	3.7
10+	123	4.9	37	2.5
Number of male anal sexual partners in past 3 months					0.003
Median (SD)	0 (3.3)		0 (1.0)
None	2360	92.9	1406	95.7
1	75	3.0	25	1.7
2	31	1.2	16	1.1
3+	73	2.9	22	1.5
Diagnosis of STIs, ever					<0.0001
No	2006	81.2	1246	86.8
Yes	463	18.8	190	13.2
HPV status at baseline					0.793
Negative	847	33.0	492	33.5
Positive	1717	67.0	977	66.5
Six-month visit compliance status					<0.0001
No	1584	61.8	846	57.6
Yes	980	38.2	623	42.4

^aPearson’s chi-square test was used for statistical comparison between circumcised and uncircumcised men. Some categories do not sum to the total because of missing values. Subjects with unknown values for each characteristic were not included for calculations of p-values.
NOTE: SD, standard deviation; MSW, men who have sex with women; MSWM, men who have sex with women and men; MSM, men who have sex with men, STIs, sexually transmitted infections.

ISSN: 1471-2334