Variablea | Cases (N = 91) | Community controls (N = 271) | Hospital non-AGE controls (N = 203) | Hospital non-rotavirus AGE controls (N = 252) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n (%) | n (%) | Univariate P value | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | n (%) | Univariate P values | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | n (%) | Univariate P values | Multivariate OR (95% CI) |
Male | 53 (58) | 136 (50) | 0.26 | Â | 102 (50) | 0.34 | Â | 135 (54) | 0.44 | Â |
Age in monthsb | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
3–5 | 31 (34) | 67 (25) |  | Matched | 47 (23) |  | Matched | 60 (24) | ref |  |
6–11 | 36 (40) | 120 (44) | 92 (45) |  | 96 (38) | 0.28 | ||||
12–17 | 16 (18) | 47 (17) | 47 (23) |  | 58 (23) | 0.08 | ||||
19-23 | 8 (9) | 37 (14) | 17 (8) | Â | 38 (15) | 0.05 | ||||
Mother ≤ primary education | 66 (74) | 222 (82) | 0.10 |  | 161 (80) | 0.16 |  | 204 (82) | 0.14 |  |
Father ≤ primary educationc | 39 (43) | 174 (64) | <0.01 | 0.32 (0.16 – 0.68) | 102 (50) | 0.02 | 0.30 (0.13 – 0.70) | 147 (58) | <0.01 | 0.44 (0.25 – 0.80) |
Mother currently married | 68 (76) | 229 (85) | 0.08 | 0.15 (0.04 – 0.66) | 167 (83) | 0.08 | 0.30 (0.10 – 0.87) | 210 (83) | 0.15 | 0.31 (0.14 – 0.66) |
≤ 30 minutes to health facilityc | 48 (53) | 127 (47) | 0.53 |  | 102 (50) | 0.17 |  | 115 (46) | 0.29 |  |
SES quintile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Poorest | 17 (20) | 80 (30) | <0.001 | 1 | 41 (21) | ref | 1 | 45 (18) | ref | Â |
Poorer | 6 (7) | 58 (22) | 0.75 (0.24 – 2.34) | 34 (17) | 0.15 | 0.17 (0.04 – 0.76) | 53 (21) | 0.02 | ||
Poor | 12 (14) | 56 (21) | 0.96 (0.36 – 2.56) | 32 (16) | 0.62 | 0.54 (0.17 – 1.78) | 47 (19) | 0.36 | ||
Less poor | 34 (40) | 48 (18) | 2.54 (1.11 – 5.85) | 54 (27) | 0.38 | 1.27 (0.46 – 3.50) | 65 (27) | 0.36 | ||
Least poor | 17 (20) | 25 (9) | 2.00 (0.75 – 5.35) | 38 (19) | 0.91 | 0.56 (0.16 – 1.97) | 34 (11) | 0.50 | ||
HIV positive | 3 (3) | 5 (2) | 0.01 | Â | 7 (3) | ref | Â | 15 (6) | Ref | Â |
HIV negative | 64 (70) | 231 (85) | 160 (79) | 0.54 | 164 (65) | 0.30 | ||||
HIV unknown | 24 (26) | 35 (13) | 36 (18) | 0.45 | 73 (29) | 0.46 | ||||
Born prematurelyc | 2 (2) | 11 (2) | 0.60 |  | 25 (12) | 0.03 | 0.13 (0.02 – 0.83) | 36 (14) | 0.01 |  |
Source of water | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Tap | 9 (10) | 13 (5) | 0.03 | Â | 17 (8) | ref | Â | 7 (3) | ref | 1 |
Unprotected spring | 33 (32) | 80 (30) | 76 (37) | 0.43 | 84 (33) | 0.03 | 0.23 (0.07 – 0.75) | |||
River/stream | 38 (42) | 118 (44) | 73 (36) | 0.34 | 114 (45) | 0.01 | 0.21 (0.07 – 0.66) | |||
Other sources | 11 (12) | 58 (22) | 37 (18) | 0.16 | 47 (19) | 0.01 | 0.13 (0.03 – 0.47) | |||
Ever used ORS before | 70 (80) | 183 (69) | 0.03 |  | 133 (67) | 0.03 | 3.12 (1.27 – 7.64) | 203 (82) | 0.88 |  |
Does not attend daycare | 84 (92) | 219 (82) | 0.01 | 4.14 (1.41 – 12.15) | 192 (95) | 0.83 |  | 224 (89) | 0.36 |  |
Season | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Jan-Mar | 54 (59) | 164 (61) | Â | Matched | 130 (64) | Â | Matched | 95 (38) | ref | 1 |
Apr-Jun | 20 (22) | 55 (20) | 42 (21) | 101 (40) | <0.01 | 0.27 (0.14 – 0.52) | ||||
Jul-Sep | 10 (11) | 31 (11) | 12 (6) | 29 (12) | 0.22 | 0.63 (0.27 – 1.46) | ||||
Oct-Dec | 7 (7) | 20 (7) | 19 (9) | 27 (11) | 0.09 | 0.39 (0.15 – 1.05) | ||||
Underweight | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Normal | 77 (84) | 212 (78) | 0.15 | Â | 154 (76) | ref | 1 | 181 (72) | ref | Â |
Moderate | 10 (11) | 37 (14) | 18 (9) | 0.72 | 0.57 (0.17 – 1.93) | 29 (12) | 0.59 | |||
Severe | 4 (4) | 22 (8) | 31 (15) | 0.01 | 0.10 (0.02 – 0.60) | 42 (17) | 0.01 | |||
Stunting | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Normal | 64 (70) | 119 (44) | <0.01 | 1 | 128 (63) | ref | Â | 160 (63) | ref | Â |
Moderate | 12 (13) | 54 (20) | 0.60 (0.25 – 1.46) | 33 (16) | 0.35 | 41 (16) | 0.39 | |||
Severe | 15 (16) | 98 (36) | 0.19 (0.08 – 0.48) | 42 (21) | 0.05 | 51 (20) | 0.35 | |||
Wasting | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Normal | 84 (92) | 252 (93) | 0.91 | Â | 171 (84) | ref | Â | 194 (77) | ref | Â |
Moderate | 4 (4) | 8 (3) | 14 (7) | 0.34 | 21 (8) | 0.14 | ||||
Severe | 3 (3) | 11 (4) | Â | Â | 18 (9) | 0.12 | Â | 37 (14) | 0.01 | Â |