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Table 9 Multivariate predictors of influenza infection

From: Asymptomatic ratio for seasonal H1N1 influenza infection among schoolchildren in Taiwan

Grade

Symptom

PPV

NPV

Sensitivity

Specificity

1-3

Fever

63.0 (52.6-72.4)

77.8 (66.5-86.1)

74.4 (57.9-87.0)

67.3 (52.9-79.7)

 

Fever + cough

67.7 (54.1-78.8)

73.5 (63.6-81.5)

63.9 (46.2-79.2)

76.6 (62.0-87.7)

 

Fever + headache

72.7 (53.9-85.9)

69.1 (61.1-76.1)

48.5 (30.8-66.5)

86.4 (72.6-94.8)

 

Fever + vomiting

63.6 (50.9-74.7)

77.8 (65.2-86.7)

72.4 (52.8-87.3)

70.0 (53.5-83.4)

 

Fever + cough + vomiting

69.0 (54.4-80.6)

76.9 (65.4-85.5)

69.0 (49.2-84.7)

76.9 (60.7-88.9)

 

Fever + cough + headache

63.9 (51.8-74.5)

79.0 (66.7-87.5)

74.2 (55.4-88.1)

69.8 (53.9-82.8)

 

Fever + cough + vomiting + headache

70.4 (55.1-82.1)

81.1 (69.0-89.2)

73.1 (52.2-88.4)

79.0 (62.7-90.4)

 

Fever + cough + vomiting + sore throat

66.7 (52.8-78.2)

77.8 (65.4-86.6)

71.4 (51.3-86.8)

73.7 (56.9-86.6)

4-6

Fever

55.8 (43.8-67.2)

83.8 (78.1-88.3)

58.5 (42.1-73.7)

82.3 (73.7-89.0)

 

Fever + cough

53.6 (38.0-68.5)

80.6 (75.5-84.8)

42.9 (76.3-60.6)

86.5 (78.0-92.6)

 

Fever + headache

73.3 (48.8-88.8)

81.3 (76.3-85.5)

39.3 (21.5-59.4)

94.9 (87.4-98.6)

 

Fever + vomiting

85.7 (43.2-97.9)

79.6 (75.5-83.1)

25.0 (9.8-46.7)

98.6 (92.4-100)

 

Fever + headache + vomiting

83.3 (54.2-95.5)

84.2 (78.4-88.7)

45.5 (24.4-67.8)

97.0 (89.5-99.6)

 

Fever + headache + sore throat

79.0 (57.8-91.1)

86.8 (80.6-91.1)

57.7 (36.9-76.6)

94.7 (87.1-98.5)

  1. PPV, NPV, Sensitivity, and Specificity Analyses for Schoolchildren are stratified by grade with 95% confidence intervals (in parenthesis).