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Table 4 Recommendations for treatment of TB in childhood [1, 8, 9, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 2731]

From: Tuberculosis in childhood: a systematic review of national and international guidelines

 

Intensive phase (duration)

Continuation phase (duration)

TB disease (except meningitis and osteoarticular TB) in HIV-uninfected children with low risk of INH-resistance

INH + RIF + PZA (2 months)

INH + RIF (4 months)

TB disease (except meningitis and osteoarticular TB) in HIV-infected children and/or children with high risk of INH-resistance

INH + RIF + PZA + EMB (2 months)

INH + RIF (4 months)

Meningitis and osteoarticular TB

INH + RIF + PZA + EMB (2 months)

INH + RIF (10 months)

INH-monoresistance TB

RIF + PZA + EMB (2 months)§

RIF + PZA + EMB (4-7 months)§

 

RIF + PZA + EMB (2 months)#

RIF + EMB (10 months) #

 

RIF + PZA + EMB + FQN (2 months) #

RIF + EMB + FQN (4-7 months) #

RIF-monoresistance TB

INH+ PZA + EMB + FQN (2 months) §

INH + EMB + FQN (10-16 months) §

 

INH + PZA + EMB (2 months) #

INH + EMB (16 months) #

MDR-resistance TB

Treatment regimens should be based on the drug susceptibility pattern of the M. tuberculosis isolated from child specimens or, more frequently, from the source case specimens.

LTBI

INH (6-9 months) §

 

INH + RIF (3 months) #

 

INH + RPT (weekly for 12 weeks) #

INH-monoresistance LTBI

RIF (4-6 months)

  1. Note: § recommended regimen; # alternative regimen; TB: Tuberculosis; INH: Isoniazid; RIF: Rifampicin; PZA: Pyrazinamide; EMB: Ethambutol; FQN: Fluoroquinolones; MDR: Multi- Drug Resistance; RPT: Rifabutin.