|  |  | Univariat analysis |  | Multivariate |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% or median (25/75 percentiles) and (No/total) | Non-survivors N = 41 | Survivors N = 146 | OR¤ | P-value | OR¤ | P-value |
Sex (female) | 51% (21/41) | 48% (70/146) | 1.14 (0.57–2.28) | 0.71 |  |  |
Age (in years) | 67 (56–74) | 50 (1–67) | 1.036 (1.02–1.06) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | 0.05 |
Age ≤ 16 years | 2% (1/41) | 30% (44/146) | 0.06 (0.008–0.44) | 0.006 | 0.36 (0.02–7.13) | 0.50 |
Predisposing condition* | 10% (4/40) | 13% (19/145) | 0.74 (0.24–2.30) | 0.60 |  |  |
Underlying disease§ | 30% (12/40) | 15% (21/145) | 2.53 (1.12–5.74) | 0.03 | 1.72 (0.58–5.08) | 0.33 |
Admission during the first half of the year | 83% (34/41) | 68% (99/146) | 2.30 (0.95–5.58) | 0.06 | 1.27 (0.41–3.97) | 0.68 |
Fever | 95% (35/37) | 97% (125/129) | 0.56 (0.10–3.19) | 0.61 |  |  |
History of headache | 62% (13/21) | 38% (35/95) | 2.79 (1.05–7.38) | 0.04 |  |  |
Back rigidity | 55% (16/29) | 57% (70/122) | 0.91 (0.40–2.07) | 0.84 |  |  |
Decreased consciousness | 98% (40/41) | 93% (125/135) | 3.20 (0.40–25.8) | 0.46 |  |  |
Convulsion | 53% (19/36) | 25% (35/139) | 2.32 (1.07–5.04) | 0.03 | 4.53 (1.74–11.8) | 0.002 |
Mechanical ventilation& | 90% (35/39) | 48% (62/129) | 9.45 (3.18–28.1) | <0.001 |  |  |
CT-scan preceding lumbar puncture | 22% (9/41) | 8% (12/146) | 3.14 (1.22–8.01) | 0.02 | 2.62 (0.82–8.41) | 0.11 |
Steroid therapy | 9% (3/32) | 18% (23/131) | 0.49 (0.14–1.73) | 0.27 |  |  |
Bacteraemia | 78% (31/40) | 64% (93/146) | 1.96 (0.87–4.43) | 0.11 | 2.02 (0.70–5.84) | 0.19 |
Otogenic focus | 10% (4/41) | 36% (53/146) | 0.19 (0.06–0.56) | 0.003 | 0.16 (0.05–0.57) | 0.005 |
Lung focus | 39% (16/41) | 17% (25/146) | 3.10 (1.45–6.63) | 0.004 | 1.46 (0.53–3.97) | 0.46 |
CSF WBC (109 cells/L) | 0.32 (0.07–3.1) (33/41) | 11 (0.7–4.7) (116/146) | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) | 0.06 |  |  |
500 cells/μL | 55% (18/33) | 22% (26/116) | 4.15 (1.84–9.36) | 0.001 |  |  |
CSF protein (g/L) | 4.7 (2.7–8.9) (27/41) | 2.4 (1.3–4.8) (96/146) | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | 0.001 |  |  |
CSF glucose (mmol/L) | 0.4 (0.1–1.6) (29/41) | 1.0 (0.4–3.1) (100/146) | 0.83 (0.63–1.08) | 0.17 |  |  |
<1 mmol/L | 76% (22/29) | 52% (52/100) | 3.41 (1.33–8.69) | 0.01 |  |  |
CSF/blood glucose ratio | 0.05 (0.01–0.11) (21/41) | 0.18 (0.06–0.5) (72/146) | 0.01 (0.00–0.36) | 0.01 |  |  |
Blood WBC (109 cells/L) | 14.8 (9.5–24.1) (28/41) | 17.7 (10.8–26.8) (106/146) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.34 |  |  |