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Table 3 Trends of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

From: Secular trends of antimicrobial resistance of blood isolates in a newly founded Greek hospital

 

Number of resistant isolates/total isolates tested (proportion) within the year

Microorganisms

2002

2003

2004

2 005

2002/2003

2004/2005

p-value**

Gram-positive

       

Staphylococcus epidermidis

       

Oxacillin

171/202 (84.7)

215/261 (82.4)

179/219 (81.2)

75/94 (79.8)

386/463 (83.3%)

254/313 (81.2%)

0.10

Gentamicin

144/202 (71.3)

168/261 (64.4)

148/219 (67.6)

54/94 (57.5)

312/463 (67.4%)

202/313 (64.5%)

0.37

Vancomycin

0/202 (0)

0/261 (0)

0/219 (0)

0/94 (0)

0/463 (0%)

0/313 (0%)

NA

Staphylococcus aureus

       

Oxacillin

25/38 (65.8)

21/30 (70)

12/25 (48)

6/8 (75)

46/68 (67.6%)

18/33 (54.5%)

0.19

Gentamicin

23/38 (60.5)

4/30 (13.3)

6/25(24)

3/8 (37.5)

27/68 (39.7%)

9/33 (27.3%)

0.22

Vancomycin

0/38 (0)

0/30 (0)

0/25 (0)

0/8 (0)

0/68 (0%)

0/33 (0%)

1

Enterococcus faecalis

       

Vancomycin

0/14 (0)

2/19 (10.5)

0/7 (0)

0/4 (0)

2/33 (6.1%)

0/11 (0%)

1

Enterococcus faecium

       

Vancomycin

1/15 (6.7)

0/8 (0)

3/11 (27.3)

0/2 (0)

1/22 (4.5%)

3/13 (23.1%)

0.13

Gram negative

       

Acinetobacter baumannii

       

Amikacin

6/9 (66.6)

10/15 (66.6)

32/35 (91.4)

15/17 (88.2)

16/24 (66.7%)

47/52 (90.4%)

0.019

Ceftazidime

8/9 (88.8)

13/15 (86.6)

34/35 (97.1)

17/17 (100)

21/24 (87.5%)

51/52 (98.1%)

0.09

Ciprofloxacin

6/9 (66.6)

11/15 (73.3)

34/35 (97.1)

17/17 (100)

17/24 (70.8%)

51/52 (98.1%)

0.001

Colistin

1/9 (11.1)

0/15 (0)

0/35 (0)

1/17 (5.8)

0/24 (0%)

1/52 (0%)

1

Gentamicin

4/9 (44.4)

10/15 (66.6)

16/35 (45.7)

12/17 (70.5)

14/24 (58.3%)

28/52 (53.8%)

0.71

Imipenem

4/9 (44.4)

8/15 (53.3)

34/35 (97.1)

17/17 (100)

12/24 (50%)

51/52 (98.1%)

<0.001

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

7/9 (77.7)

12/15 (80)

34/35 (97.1)

17/17 (100)

19/24 (79.2%)

51/52 (98.1%)

0.01

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

       

Amikacin

15/32 (46.9)

15/33 (45.5)

17/25 (68)

4/11 (36.4)

30/65 (46.2%)

21/36 (58.3%)

0.24

Ceftazidime

18/32 (56.3)

19/33 (57.6)

21/25 (84)

8/11 (72.7)

37/65 (56.9%)

29/36 (80.6%)

0.016

Ciprofloxacin

20/32 (62.5)

14/33 (42.4)

17/25 (68)

5/11 (45.4)

34/65 (52.3%)

22/36 (61.1%)

0.39

Colistin

0/32 (0)

0/33 (0)

0/25 (0)

0/11 (0)

0/65 (0%)

0/36 (0%)

1

Imipenem

20/32 (62.5)

14/33 (42.4)

15/25 (60)

5/11 (45.4)

34/65 (52.3%)

20/36 (55.5%)

0.75

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

3/32 (9.4)

7/33 (21.2)

18/25 (72)

2/11 (18.2)

10/65 (15.4%)

20/36 (55.5%)

0.10

Klebsiella pneumoniae

       

Ceftazidime

2/7 (28.6)

11/34 (32.4)

15/29 (51.7)

9/11 (81.8)

13/41 (31.7%)

24/40 (60%)

0.010

Ciprofloxacin

1/7 (14.3)

12/34 (35.3)

16/29 (55.2)

4/11 (36.4)

13/41 (31.7%)

20/40 (50%)

0.006

Meropenem

0/7 (0)

1/34 (2.9)

8/29 (27.6)

9/11 (81.8)

1/41 (2.4%)

17/40 (42.5%)

<0.001

Cefepime

0/7 (0)

11/34 (32.4)

15/29 (51.7)

9/11 (81.8)

11/41 (26.8%)

24/40 (60%)

<0.001

Cefoxitin

0/7 (0)

10/34 (29.4)

18/29 (62.1)

9/11 (81.8)

10/41 (24.4%)

27/40 (67.5%)

<0.001

Tobramycin

0/7 (0)

8/34 (23.5)

17/29 (58.6)

9/11 (81.8)

8/41 (19.5%)

26/40 (65%)

<0.001

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

0/7 (0)

8/34 (23.5)

15/29 (51.7)

9/11 (81.8)

8/41 (19.5%)

24/40 (60%)

<0.001

Escherichia coli

       

Amikacin

0/35 (0)

0/57 (0)

4/47(8.5)

1/30(0)

0/92 (0%)

5/77 (6.5%)

0.05

Ciprofloxacin

7/35 (0.2)

3/57 (5.2)

4/47(8.5)

9/30(30)

10/92 (10.9%)

13/77 (16.9%)

0.006

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

1/35 (2.8)

1/57 (1.7)

4/47(8.5)

2/30(6.6)

2/92 (2.2%)

6/77 (7.8%)

0.37

Ceftazidime

2/35 (5.7)

0/57 (0)

4/47(8.5)

5/30(16.6)

2/92 (2.2%)

9/77 (11.7%)

0.02

Cefoxitin

4/35 (11.4)

1/57 (1.7)

4/47(8.5)

4/30(13.3)

5/92 (5.4%)

8/77 (10.4%)

0.18

Meropenem

1/35 (2.8)

0/57 (0)

1/47(2.1)

0/30(0)

1/92 (1.1%)

1/77 (1.3%)

0.52

  1. * Data for the year 2005 refer to the period from January 2005 through June 2005.
  2. ** P-values refer to the comparison of proportions between 2002/2003 and 2004/2005.