Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania

Killeen, GF; Tami, A; Kihonda, J; Okumu, FO; Kotas, ME; Grundmann, H; Kasigudi, N; Ngonyani, H; Mayagaya, V; Nathan, R; Abdulla, S; Charlwood, JD; Smith, TA; Lengeler, C

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-121

Table 3 Characteristics of the houses sampled for mosquitoes and their influence on light trap catches of mosquitoes.

From: Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania

Characteristic	Crude Frequency^a		Influence on light traps catches^b
			An. gambiae		An. funestus		Culex
	N	%	Odds ratio [95% CI]	P	Odds ratio [95% CI]	P	Odds ratio [95% CI]	P
Function				*0.002*	NS	0.350	NS	0.105
Main residence	2450	97.6	1.00	NA
Farm (shamba) house	59	2.4	0.30 [0.15–0.61]	0.001
Walls			NS	0.318		*0.057*	NS	0.113
Mud	1761	70.2			1.000	NA
Bricks	706	28.1			1.259 [1.101–1.428]	0.001
Other	42	1.7			ND	ND
Roof			NS	0.207	NS	0.701	NS	0.582
Thatch	1920	76.5
Corrugates iron	589	23.5
Eaves				*0.002*	NS	0.134	NS	0.214
Closed	256	10.2	1.00	NA
Open	2253	89.8	1.54 [1.23–1.93]	<0.001
Windows			NS	0.763	NS	0.692	NS	0.422
None	402	16.0
Open	2001	79.8
Closed	106	4.2
Foundation			NS	0.815	NS	0.778	NS	0.112
Raised on poles	22	0.9
Built on ground	2487	99.1
Kitchen			NS	0.060	NS	0.205	NS	0.088
Food cooked indoors	1016	40.5
Food cooked outdoors	1492	59.5
Number of rooms			NS	0.185	NS	0.595	NS	0.259
1	855	34.1
2	1168	46.6
3	263	10.5
4	128	5.1
5	58	2.3
>5	32	1.4
Number of occupants				*0.001*	NS	0.234	NS	0.381
1	326	13.0	1.08 [1.04–1.12]	<0.001
2	488	19.4
3	529	21.1
4	412	16.4
5	281	11.2
>5	473	18.9
Number of nets ^c			NS	0.088	NS	0.362	NS	0.192
0	589	18.3
1	1913	59.5
2	548	17.1
3	124	3.9
4	26	0.8
5	9	0.3
>5	5	0.2
Type of net			NS	0.77	NS	0.693	NS	0.211
None	590	18.4
Zuia Mbu	1419	44.2
Provided by the study for light trapping	221	6.9
Other	984	30.6
Treatment status of net ^c			NS	0.486	NS	0.094	NS	0.362
Treated in last six months	171	4.7
Treated more than 6 months ago	239	6.6
Never treated	3209	88.7
Holes >2 cm in net			NS	0.929	NS	0.296	NS	0.420
0	1322	41.1
1–5	838	26.1
>5	3214	32.8
Net sides tucked in			NS	0.719	NS	0.541	NS	0.945
0	774	24.1
1–3	38	1.2
4	2402	74.7
Occupants sleeping without net ^c				*0.007*	NS	0.083	NS	0.227
0	1389	55.4	0.93 [0.90–0.97]	<0.001
1	270	10.8
2	257	10.2
3	223	8.9
4	139	5.5
5	88	3.5
>5	143	5.7
Additional people sleeping in trap room			NS	0.933	NS	0.281	NS	0.981
0	1303	51.9
1	173	6.9
2	416	16.6
3	381	15.2
4	173	6.9
5	44	1.8
>5	19	0.7
Other protection against mosquitoes			NS	0.373	NS	0.354	NS	0.692
None	2475	98.6
Sprays, coils, herbal, physical	34	1.4

^a Total number of times this value was recorded irrespective of whether repeated sampling the same houses was conducted.
^b As determined using stepwise selection of mixed linear models considering repeated sampling and cluster-round specific effects as random factors (See methods). The significance of each factor is presented as initially determined using the full model. The influence of factors confirmed to be significant by stepwise model selection are presented as the odds ratio for each level of that factor or, in the case of continuous variables, the odds ratio per unit increase and the significance as estimated using the final selected model. -2 Restricted Log Likelihood for the final fitted models are 1180, 868 and 1245 for An. gambiae s.l., An funestus and Culex species, respectively.
^c Under normal condition before any provision of a bednet to allow light trap sampling of mosquitoes.
NS Not significant.
NA Not applicable.
ND Not determined.

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ISSN: 1471-2334

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