From: Culture-confirmed childhood tuberculosis in Cape Town, South Africa: a review of 596 cases
Feature | Age < 3 years n = 334 (%) | Age > 3 years n = 262 (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
History of TB contact | 183 (54.8) | 112 (42.7) | 1.62 (1.16–2.20) |
Parent with TB | 83 (24.9) | 38 (14.5) | 1.95 (1.25–3.05) |
Previous TB treatment | 33 (9.9) | 49 (18.7) | 0.48 (0.29–0.79) |
Malnutrition/WFA < 3rd centile | 170/320 (53.1) | 107/258 (41.5) | 1.60 (1.13–2.26) |
Tuberculin skin test ≥ 10 mm | 176/238 (73.9) | 151/187 (80.7) | NS |
All pulmonary TB | 303 (90.7) | 214 (81.7) | 2.19 (1.32–3.66) |
All extrapulmonary TB | 144 (43.1) | 164 (62.6) | 0.45 (0.32–0.64) |
Miliary [also TB meningitis] | 43 (12.9) [12 (3.6)] | 26 (9.9) [13 (5.0)] | NS |
TB meningitis | 49 (14.7) | 40 (15.3) | NS |
Pleural effusion (large) | 4 (1.2) | 25 (9.5) | 0.11 (0.03–0.35) |
Lymph node TB | 42 (12.6) | 52 (19.8) | 0.58 (0.36–0.93) |
Abdominal TB | 15 (4.5) | 28 (10.7) | 0.39 (0.20–0.78) |
Osteoarticular TB | 3 (0.9) | 15 (5.7) | 0.15 (0.03–0.56) |
Other EPTB | 10 (3.0) | 23 (8.8) | 0.32 (0.14–0.72) |
HIV test done | 258 (77.2) | 156 (59.5) | 2.31 (1.59–3.34) |
HIV-infected (of those done) | 77 (29.8) | 56 (35.9) | NS |
Outcome – Died | 31 (9.3) | 10 (3.8) | 2.58 (1.19–5.74) |
Chest radiographic features | n = 299 | n = 256 | 0.20 (0.07–0.51) |
Lymphadenopathy | 175 (58.5) | 113 (44.1) | 1.79 (1.26–2.54) |
Airway compression | 86 (28.8) | 11 (4.3) | 8.99 (4.52–18.33) |
Alveolar opacification | 179 (59.9) | 106 (41.4) | 2.11 (1.48–3.01) |
Expansile pneumonia | 25 (8.4) | 9 (3.5) | 2.50 (1.09–5.90) |
Bronchopneumonic opac | 33 (11.0) | 22 (8.6) | NS |
Collapse lobe/segment | 31 (10.4) | 21 (8.2) | NS |
Cavities | 55 (18.4) | 51 (19.9) | NS |
Ghon focus | 17 (5.7) | 9 (3.5) | NS |
Hyperinflation | 17 (5.7) | 0 | P < 0.001 |
Calcification | 1 (0.3) | 12 (4.7) | P = 0.002 |
Normal chest radiograph | 26 (8.7) | 28 (10.9) | NS |