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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

From: Impact of Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy on Outcomes in Patients with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia: A Cohort Study

Variable

Entire Cohort

(N = 416)

E. coli

(N = 225)*

Klebsiella

(N = 203)*

Age (mean in years, SD)

55.3 ± 16.2

55.7 ± 16.2

54.9 ± 15.8

Male sex

45.3% (188/415)

49.1% (110/224)

40.9% (83/203)

Hospital-acquired Bacteremia†

48.8% (203/416)

39.1% (88/225)

59.6% (121/203)

Polymicrobial bacteremia

21.4% (89/416)

20.9% (47/225)

26.6% (54/203)

Appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy

73.3% (305/416)

74.7% (168/225)

70.9% (144/203)

Admission to the ICU

37% (154/416)

36.0% (81/225)

39.4% (80/203)

Mechanical ventilation at admission

9.6% (40/415)

6.7% (15/224)

13.3% (27/230)

Mechanical ventilation at culture

16.6% (69/415)

14.7% (33/224)

19.7% (40/203)

Presence of central line at culture

54.4% (225/414)

43.5% (97/223)

68.5% (139/203)

APS before culture (mean, SD)

22.7 ± 14.2

22.5 ± 14.6

22.9 ± 13.7

Chronic disease score (mean, SD)

7.1 ± 3.9

6.9 ± 4.0

7.4 ± 3.7

Time at risk (median in days, IQR)††

1.5 (0.1 to 10.0)

0.4 (0.1 to 6.9)

5.1 (0.2 to 13.3)

Time to susceptibility (median in days, IQR)†††

3.1 (2.6 to 3.9)

3.1 (2.6 to 3.9)

3.2 (2.6 to 4.1)

Length of stay (median in days, IQR)††††

7.0 (3.9 to 14.2)

6.2 (3.7 to 12.1)

8.7 (4.3 to 17.6)

In-hospital mortality

17.0% (71/416)

17.8% (40/225)

18.2% (37/203)

  1. ICU – Intensive care unit
  2. SD – standard deviation
  3. APS – modified acute physiology score
  4. IQR – interquartile range
  5. * Eleven patients had polymicrobial bacteremia which included both E. coli and Klebsiella species
  6. †Bacteremia which occurred at or greater than 48 hours after hospital admission
  7. ††Time at risk is the time from hospital admission to index culture collection
  8. †††Time to susceptibility is the time from index culture collection to the receipt of antibiotic susceptibility testing results
  9. ††††Length of stay is the time from index culture collection to hospital discharge or death