Table 2 Characteristics of HIV-infected patients with empiric compared to definitive diagnoses of Pneumocystis pneumonia.
From: Outcome of HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia in hospitalized patients from 2000 through 2003
Characteristic | Empiric n = 127 | Definitive n = 165 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, median years, (range) | 41 (23–68) | 40 (24–60) | NS |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | NS |
Male | 107 (84.3) | 139 (84.2) | Â |
Female | 20 (15.7) | 26 (15.8) | Â |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | Â | Â | < 0.001* |
White | 14 (11.0) | 16 (9.9) | Â |
Black | 60 (47.2) | 42 (26.0) | Â |
Hispanic/Latino | 53 (41.7) | 98 (60.5) | Â |
Other/unknown | 0 (0) | 9 (5.5) | Â |
HIV risk factor, n (%) | Â | Â | NS |
Men who have sex with men | 39 (30.7) | 58 (35.2) | Â |
Intravenous drug use | 18 (14.2) | 14 (8.5) | Â |
Heterosexual | 36 (28.3) | 44 (26.7) | Â |
Blood transfusion | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.2) | Â |
Unknown | 33 (26.0) | 47 (28.5) | Â |
Medical history, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Initial HIV diagnosis | 26 (20.5) | 54 (32.7) | 0.02 |
History of PCP | 38 (29.9) | 34 (20.6) | 0.04 |
Use of PCP prophylaxis | 44 (34.6) | 48 (29.1) | Â |
Use of HAART | 57 (44.9) | 50 (30.3) | 0.02 |
Current smoker | 54 (42.5) | 62 (37.6) | Â |
Laboratory values | Â | Â | NS |
CD4, cells/μl, median(range)(n = 131) | 27 (0–697) | 17 (0–267) |  |
HIV viral level, median log copies/ml (range)(n = 57) | 5.1 (2.6–5.9) | 5.3 (1.7–5.9) |  |
Albumin, g/dl, median (range) | 2.5 (0.6–3.7) | 2.4 (1.0–3.8) |  |
LDH, U/l, median (range) | 317 (129–851) | 362 (119–962) |  |
Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, mm Hg, median (range)(n = 129) | 41.5 (18.0–89.0) | 43.4 (22.3–82.0) |  |
Complications, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
ICU admission | 30 (23.6) | 70 (42.4) | 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 10 (7.9) | 29 (17.6) | 0.02 |
Pneumothorax | 2 (1.6) | 18 (10.9) | 0.002 |
Respiratory failure after 5 days | 1 (0.8) | 9 (5.5) | NS |
Change of PCP therapy | 1 (0.8) | 13 (7.9) | 0.005 |
HAART started in hospital, n (%) | 5 (7.7) | 11 (10.5) | NS |
Outcome | Â | Â | Â |
Died in-hospital | 8 (6.3) | 26 (15.8) | 0.01 |