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Table 4 Risk factors for in-hospital and postdischarge surgical site infection (SSI).

From: Surgical site infections in Italian Hospitals: a prospective multicenter study

 

In-hospital period

Post-discharge period

Variable

Total §

No. SSI/total§

Odds Ratio (95% CI^^)

Total§S

No. SSI/total §§

Odds Ratio (95% CI^^)

Gender

      

   Male

4,665

67/1,625

1.57 (1.12–2.21)*

4,258

30/1,454

0.92 (0.58–1.45)#

   Female

 

81/3,040

  

63/2,804

 

Age (years)

      

   18–36

 

15/1,163

1

 

20/1,086

1

   37–54

4,420

26/1,057

1.93 (0.98–3.84)#

4,027

19/978

1.06 (0.54–2.08)#

   55–70

 

44/1,162

3.01 (1.62–5.69)*

 

23/1,063

1.18 (0.62–2.25)#

   >70

 

60/1,038

4.70 (2.58–8.68)*

 

28/900

1.71 (0.93–3.18)#

Emergency Intervention

      
 

4,655

  

4,258

  

   Yes

 

51/1,002

1.97 (1.37–2.82)*

 

18/903

0.89 (0.51–1.53)#

   No

 

97/3,653

  

75/3,355

 

NNIS score §

      
  

4/358

1

 

4/336

1

   M

 

38/2,621

1.30 (0.44–4.32)#

 

52/2,459

1.79 (0.62–5.87)#

 

4,579

  

4,166

  

   0

 

65/1,260

4.81 (1.67–

 

25/1,108

1.92 (0.63–6.54)#

   1

 

30/340

15.63)*

 

11/263

3.62 (1.05–

   2 + 3

  

11.42 (3.86–38)*

  

13.65)*

Prosthesis

      

   Yes

4,652

6/801

0.20 (0.08–0.46)*

4,245

17/756

1.03 (0.58–1.80)#

   No

 

142/3,851

  

76/3,489

 

Pre-operative hospital stay (days)

4,589

  

4,196

  
  

72/3,300

  

58/3,064

 

   0–1

 

69/1,289

2.54 (1.79–3.60)*

 

33/1,132

1.56 (0.99–2.45)*

   >1

      

Drains

      

   No

 

41/3,045

1

 

56/2,853

1

   1–3 days

4,665

19/764

1.87 (1.04–3.33)*

4,261

12/686

0.89 (0.45–1.72)#

   >3 days

 

88/856

8.40 (5.66–12.48)*

 

23/722

1.64 (0.97–2.75)*

Perioperativ e antibiotic prophylaxis

4,665

  

4,258

  

   Yes

 

139/4,071

0.44 (0.21–0.89)*

 

74/3,718

1.80 (1.04–3.07)*

   No

 

9/594

  

19/540

 
  1. § total number of procedures surveilled during hospital stay not equal to the study cohort (n = 4,665) for missing data.
  2. NNIS = National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance.
  3. §§ total number of interventions surveilled during post-discharge, does not include missing data for SSI occurrence during postdischarge (n = 258), and patients with in-hospital SSI (n = 148) or with postoperative hospital stay ≥ 30 days (n = 25).
  4. ^^ 95% confidence intervals.
  5. * p-value < 0.05.
  6. # p value not significant.
  7. M: no risk factor + endoscopical procedure.