Long-term outcome of infective endocarditis: A study on patients surviving over one year after the initial episode treated in a Finnish teaching hospital during 25 years

Heiro, Maija; Helenius, Hans; Hurme, Saija; Savunen, Timo; Metsärinne, Kaj; Engblom, Erik; Nikoskelainen, Jukka; Kotilainen, Pirkko

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-49

Table 2 Association between characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) and cardiac mortality at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after the admission in 243 episodes of IE in 226 patients who survived over 1 year after the initial episode of IE

From: Long-term outcome of infective endocarditis: A study on patients surviving over one year after the initial episode treated in a Finnish teaching hospital during 25 years

	Number of IE episodes in patients surviving 1 year	Survival (%) at different points of follow-up					p value
		2 years	5 years	10 years	15 years	20 years
Cardiac mortality	243	3	10	16	25	29
Gender
Male	174	2	9	15	26	31	0.801
Female	69	6	11	20	24	24
Age
18–64 years	172	1	5	11	22	26	0.002
≥ 65 years	71	10	21	32	32	32
Affected valves
Aortic	85	4	9	18	24	29	0.416*
Mitral valve	77	4	9	20	34	34
Tricuspid valve	12	0	0	0	NA	NA
Two native valves	17	0	0	0	17	17
Prosthetic valve(s)	52	4	17	17	24	29
Causative agents of IE
Staphylococcus aureus	53	2	4	4	4	4	0.032*
Coagulase-negative staphylococci	22	10	20	30	30	30
Viridans streptococci	50	2	2	9	34	40
Enterococcus faecalis	18	17	17	25	63	63
Streptococcus pneumoniae	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other	22	0	0	16	16	28
Negative	73	1	17	22	25	25
Predisposing cardiac condition
Acquired valvular disease	49	8	19	29	41	41	0.015*
Prosthetic valves	55	4	16	16	23	28
Bicuspid aortic valve	26	0	0	0	0	0
Mitral valve prolapse	30	3	3	15	29	29
Congenital heart disease	8	0	0	38	38	NA
No underlying cardiac condition	75	1	6	12	27	27
Echocardiogarphic findings
Major criteria
Yes	158	3	7	14	22	25	0.013
No	85	4	15	22	32	36
Vegetation							0.007
Yes	139	4	6	12	22	22
No	104	3	15	22	30	36
Underlying conditions
Diabetes
Yes	21	5	5	5	29	29	0.325
No	222	3	10	18	26	30
Dialysis							0.340
Yes	5	25	25	NA	NA	NA
No	238	3	9	16	25	29
Collagen disease							0.160
Yes	14	7	24	49	49	49
No	229	3	9	15	24	28
Malignancy
Yes	11	10	10	40	NA	NA	0.383
No	232	3	10	16	25	28
Intravenous drug use
Yes	19	0	0	NA	NA	NA	0.164
No	224	4	10	17	26	30
Alcohol abuse
Yes	22	9	15	15	25	NA	0.660
No	221	3	9	16	25	29
Heart failure††
Yes	108	6	15	23	28	31	0.110
No	135	2	5	11	23	27
Neurological complications††
Yes	60	3	11	18	27	27	0.930
No	183	3	9	16	25	30
Peripheral emboli††							0.175
Yes	69	3	8	14	20	20
No	174	3	10	17	27	32
Early surgery (in-hospital)
Yes	67	0	5	7	14	18	0.029
No	176	5	12	20	30	34
Mode of treatment††							0.026
Surgical	72	0	4	9	15	19
Conservative	171	5	12	20	30	34
Indications for in-hospital surgery
Congestive heart failure	35	0	3	7	22	29	0.269*
Valvular regurgitation without heart failure	18	0	6	6	6	6
Dehiscence of prosthetic valve without heart failure	8	0	13	13	13	13
Repeated emboli	3	0	0	0	0	0
Intractable infection	3	0	0	0	0	0
Erythrocyte sedimentation‡,§
≥ 50 mm/h	75	4	14	23	29	33	0.527
< 50 mm/h	74	1	6	13	30	34
White blood cell count‡,§S
≥ 10 × 10⁹/l	119	3	10	17	30	30	0.781
< 10 × 10⁹/l	98	4	9	17	24	31
Serum C-reactive protein‡,¶
≥ 100 mg/l	100	3	7	10	13	13	0.080
< 100 mg/l	105	4	12	16	28	39
Serum creatinine value‡,¶P
≥ 100 μmol/l	76	5	12	24	42	60	0.001
< 100 μmol/l	142	1	7	13	18	18

*p values for overall group differences; †NA = non-applicable, the follow-up did not reach the time point for any patient of the group; ††within 3 months of admission; ‡on admission; §data available for 149 episodes; §Sdata available for 217 episodes; ¶data available for 205 episodes; ¶¶ data available for 218 episodes

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ISSN: 1471-2334

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