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Table 3 Multivariable analysis for risk factors for ocular manifestations of HIV, among patients prior to commencing ART (n = 135).

From: Prevalence of HIV-associated ophthalmic disease among patients enrolling for antiretroviral treatment in India: A cross-sectional study

Variable

Odds ratio (OR) for ocular manifestation of HIV

95% CI

P-value

Age group (years)

   

   16-30

1

-

0.2

   31-35

0.1

0.02-0.7

 

   36-40

0.6

0.1-2.5

 

   41-45

0.7

0.1-3.3

 

   >46

0.6

0.1-3.2

 

Sex

   

   Male

1

-

0.67

   Female

1.3

0.4-5.0

 

CD4 count (cells/μL)

   

   >201

1

-

0.02

   101-200

1.3

0.3-5.4

 

   0-100

6.3

1.5-26.3

 

WHO clinical stage

   

   1 or 2

1

-

0.001

   3 or 4

9.4

2.4-37.2

 

Visual acuity

   

   Normal

1

-

0.14

   Visual impairment/blind

3.1

0.7-14.0

 

Ocular symptoms

   

   No

1

-

0.95

   Yes

1.1

0.1-7.8

 

Duration of disease (months)

   

   ≤ 12

   

   13-24

1

-

0.8

   25-60

0.9

0.2-3.4

 

   >60

0.5

0.1-2.2

 
 

0.5

0.1-3.0