Table 4 Characteristics of included studies: groups with persistent diarrhoea
Study report | Location | Start Duration | Participants | Source of cases | Sampling method | Number of cases | Unit of Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh 1992a [16] | Matlab (rural) | 1988 1 yr | < 5 yrs | Active household surveillance | All cases identified | Varied by pathogen (68 – 184) | Episodes |
Bangladesh 1992b [17] | Mirzapur (rural) | 1987 2 yrs | < 6 yrs | Active household surveillance | All cases identified | Varied by pathogen (53 – 153) | Episodes |
India 1989 [18] | New Delhi | 1984 1 yr | < 2 yrs, no blood in stool, weight loss | Hospital admissions | Consecutive cases | 92 | Children |
India 1992 [19] | New Delhi | 1988 28 mths | < 3 yrs, no blood in stool, weight for height = 90% of standard | Hospital admissions | Not described | 81 | Children |
India 1999 [22] | Slum New Delhi | Unclear Unclear | < 3 yrs | Active household surveillance | All cases identified | 115 | Episodes |
Brazil 1990 [26] | Urban slum, Fortaleza | 1984 28 mths | < 5 yrs | Active household surveillance | All cases identified | 40 | Episodes |
Brazil 1995 [29] | Fortaleza | 1988 32 mths | < 3 yrs, no antibiotics in past 72 hrs | Hospital admissions | Not described | 56 | Children |
Brazil 2000 [4] | Shanty town Fortaleza | 1989 45 mths | < 4 yrs | Active household surveillance | All cases identified | 88 | Episodes |
Bangladesh 1988 [14] | Dhaka | 1983 3 yrs | < 5 yrs | Outpatient attendances | Systematic every 25th case | 410 | Children |
Bangladesh 1991 [15] | Dhaka | 1983 3 yrs | 1 mth to 3 yrs | Outpatient attendances | Systematic every 25th case | Varied by pathogen (391–445) | Children |
Bangladesh 1998 [31] | Dhaka | Unclear 3 yrs | 3 mths to 2 yrs, no blood in stools, no antibiotics, anti-diarrhoeals or systemic infection | Outpatient attendances | Not described | 138 | Children |
India 1995a [20] | Madras | Unclear Unclear | < 5 yrs | Hospital admissions | Not described | 100 | Children |
India 1995b [21] | Amritsar | Unclear Unclear | < 3 yrs | Hospital admissions | Not described | 150 | Children |
India 2001 [23] | Varanasi | 1998 15 mths | 1 to 5 yrs, weight loss or failure to gain weight | Hospital admissions & outpatient attendances | Randomly | 57 | Children |
Guatemala 1992 [27] | Rural indigenous community | 1988 20 mths | < 3 yrs, watery diarrhoea for 14 to 18 days | Active household surveillance | All cases identified | 49 | Children |
Mexico 2003 [28] | Mexico City | 1997 Unclear (24–36 mths) | mean age 16.6 mths, no specific diagnosis | Hospital admissions | Not described | 89 | Children |
Cambodia 1992 [24] | Resettlement camp, Thailand Cambodia border | 1989 6 mths | < 5 yrs, with temperature over 38°C, colic or vomiting | Outpatient attendances | Consecutive cases | 79 | Children |
Vietnam 1992 [25] | Hanoi | 1988 1 yr | < 3 yrs | Hospital admissions | Not described | 83 | Children |
Zambia 1995 [32] | Lusaka | Unclear 9 mths | 15 mths to 5 yrs; diarrhoea for at least 30 days | Hospital admissions | Consecutive cases every alternate day | 90 | Children |
Zambia 2001 [30] | Lusaka | 1998 26 mths | Inpatient in nutrition ward, median 18 mths, no blood in stool | Hospital admissions | Consecutive cases | 194 | Children |