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Table 2 Risk factors for three delay stages of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Uzbekistan, 2014 (n = 538)

From: Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Uzbekistan: a cross-sectional study

Predictors

N

Patient delay (median 27 days)

Health system delay (median 7 days)

Total delay (median 50 days)

  

Median

P value

Median

P value

Median

P value

Gender

       

Male

298

30

0.08

6.5

0.56

49

0.8

Female

240

23.5

1

8

1

50.5

1

Age (years)

       

≤ 15-35

226

25

0.3

5

0.01*

48

0.1

> 35

312

28

0.4

9

0.1

50

0.4

Education

       

Illiterate

22

31

1

3

1

38.5

1

Primary-Secondary

443

25

0.5

7

0.2

50

0.6

University/higher

73

30

0.9

9

0.1

49

0.7

Occupation

       

Employed

130

21

1

10

1

57

1

Healthcare worker

8

23

0.4

4

0.01*

27.5

0.8

Unemployed

246

30

0.2

5

0.001*

48

0.3

Student

16

17

0.2

14.5

0.9

36.5

0.4

Housewife

52

25

0.8

9

0.3

50

0.8

Retired

86

28

0.3

9

0.2

54

0.6

Labour migrant

54

34

0.9

7

0.02*

60.5

0.5

Residence

       

Urban

357

25

1

7

1

49

1

Suburban

53

25

0.8

18

0.01*

56

0.2

Rural

128

30

0.1

4

0.1

50.5

0.9

Smoking

       

Never

316

25

1

6

1

50

1

Current

24

42

0.2

8

0.2

48.5

0.9

Ex-smoking

198

29

0.3

8

0.2

49.5

0.7

Alcohol use

       

Never

328

24

1

6

1

47

1

Past history

153

34

0.03*

7

0.1

54

0.1

Moderate/Excessive

57

21

0.03*

10

0.1

50

0.1

Injection drug use

       

Yes

21

24

0.5

11

0.3

48

0.9

No

517

27

1

7

1

50

1

Comorbidities

       

Diabetes mellitus

52

23

0.9

10

0.6

51.5

0.9

HIV positive

32

14.5

0.03*

19.5

0.02*

46.5

0.6

COPD

69

31

0.5

4

0.9

46

0.2

Symptoms

       

Cough

479

29

0.008*

7

0.4

53

0.0001

Fever

254

29

0.3

7

0.8

53

0.2

Loss of weight

382

35

0.0001*

7

0.7

57

0.0001

Sputum smear-for acid-fast bacilli

       

Positive

283

31

0.008*

8

0.3

54

0.006*

Negative

255

21

1

6

1

44

1

Health facility first consulted

       

Pharmacy

231

41

0.0001*

6

0.0001*

56

0.0001*

Private clinic

27

14

0.02*

36

0.004*

88

0.01*

Primary health center/polyclinic

133

12

0.0001*

16

0.0001*

41

0.004*

TB facility

100

25

1

3

1

33.5

1

Traditional remedy

4

14

0.1

5

0.4

28

0.03

Ambulance

16

16

0.006*

5.5

0.4

25.5

0.05

Other (AIDS Centre, Public hospital)

27

30

0.6

6

0.4

45

0.2

Treatment before TB diagnosis

       

Self-medicated

231

41

1

6

1

56

1

Self-medicated with antibiotics

124

54.5

0.0001*

4

0.03*

62.5

0.0001*

Prescribed antibiotics

169

15

0.09

25

0.0001*

58

0.02*

Time taken to reach a TB health facility

       

<1/2 hour

154

24

0.5

6

0.2

39

0.3

1/2-1 hour

169

26

0.4

8

0.4

55

0.4

≥ 1 hour

215

29

0.04*

7

0.6

51

0.04*

  1. HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome. *p <0.05.