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Table 5 Covariates used to estimate diarrhea and its etiologies in children under five in 2010 [6,7]

From: Deconstructing the differences: a comparison of GBD 2010 and CHERG’s approach to estimating the mortality burden of diarrhea, pneumonia, and their etiologies

 

CHERG

GBD 2010

 

Neonatal

Postneonatal

U5

 

VRMCM a

VAMCM b

VRMCM a

VAMCM b

CODEm c

Covariates for diarrhea U5 mortality

Diarrhea not estimated in VRMCM due to few diarrhea deaths

Neonatal mortality rate

U5 population

Mid study year

Health care access

  

DPT vaccination coverage

Coverage of the third dose of diphtheria pertussis and tetanus vaccine (DPT3)

% urban population

Rota virus coverage

  

Quad-DPT vaccination coverage

WHO Europe Region vs. other WHO regions

U5 mortality rate

Access to sanitation

  

Period (early/late/overall)

Gross national income (per capita)

Oral rehydration therapy coverage

Access to water

     

Malnutrition in under 2

     

Education

     

Population density

     

GDP (lag-time)

Covariates for diarrhea etiologic fractions

n/a

National coverage or subnational but nationally representative (study-level)

     

Inpatient or outpatient/community-based settings (study-level)

     

Number of pathogens tested for (study-level)

     

Lag-distributed income (country-level)

  1. aVital registration multi-cause model, bverbal autopsy multi-cause model, ccause of death ensemble model.