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Table 2 Outcomes of patients presenting with medically attended acute respiratory infections by viral etiology in 2012-2013

From: Viral infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory illness during the 2012–2013 influenza season

 

Virus type

 

Outcomes (categorical variables)

All (N = 684)a

CoV (91)

HRV (43)

Influenza A, H3 (185)

Influenza B (52)

RSV (86)

No Virus (227)

pvalue

Variable

N

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

Follow-up survey returned relative to enrollment date

<0.001

0 – 13 days

394

36

9.1

23

5.8

133

33.8

44

11.2

49

12.4

109

27.7

 

≥14 days

288

55

19.1

20

6.9

51

17.7

8

2.8

37

12.9

117

40.6

 

Ability to perform usual activity, range = (not at all) – 9 (able to perform)

0.08

Not at all (0 – 5)

74

9

10

4

9.5

18

9.7

8

15.4

11

12.9

24

10.8

 

Somewhat (6 – 8)

232

23

25.6

15

35.7

80

43.3

22

42.3

26

30.6

66

29.6

 

Able to perform (9)

371

58

64.4

23

54.8

87

47

22

42.3

48

56.5

133

59.6

 

Household member missed work because of patient’s illness

0.40

No

563

74

81.3

38

88.4

149

80.5

40

76.9

68

79.1

194

85.8

 

Yes

120

17

18.7

5

11.6

36

19.5

12

23.1

18

20.9

32

14.2

 

Sleep quality, range = 0 (worst) – 9 (normal)

0.67

Worst (0 – 4)

52

8

9

4

9.5

10

5.4

2

3.8

9

10.6

19

8.5

 

Mild (5 – 6)

101

15

16.8

6

14.3

26

14

7

13.5

11

12.9

36

16.1

 

Moderate (7 – 8)

242

36

40.5

11

26.2

68

36.8

23

44.2

34

40

70

31.4

 

Normal (9)

280

30

33.7

21

50

81

43.8

20

38.5

31

36.5

98

44

 

Effect on productivity, range = 0 (no effect on my work) – 10 (completely prevented me from working for those age ≥18 years)

0.62

0 – 3

77

15

31.3

5

21.7

17

17.5

4

12.9

7

21.9

29

24.4

 

4 – 7

153

16

33.3

10

43.5

41

42.3

16

51.6

15

46.9

55

46.2

 

8 – 10

120

17

35.4

8

34.8

39

40.2

11

35.5

10

31.2

35

29.4

 

Outcomes (continuous variables)

Variable

N

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

p value

For participants <18 years:

Missed school days

147

18

2.4

9

2.1

49

2.9

13

2.9

20

1.8

38

2.5

0.47

  

(1.9)

 

(2.0)

 

(2.4)

 

(1.9)

 

(1.3)

 

(2.1)

 

Household member missed work days

118

16

2

5

3

35

3

12

2

18

2

32

2

0.19

  

(1.1)

 

(2.0)

 

(2.9)

 

(1.9)

 

(1.8)

 

(1.3)

 

Severity of illness at follow-up (VAS), range = 1-100

658

86

83 (15.1)

42

83 (16.0)

181

83 (14.4)

50

82 (13.0)

81

83 (14.7)

218

84 (15.7)

0.98

For participants ≥18 years:

Number of hours of work missed due to ARI

351

48

14 (12.5)

23

16 (18.0)

97

22 (16.4)

31

22 (17.9)

32

11 (11.5)

120

12 (13.1)

0.001

Multinomial Modeling: Odds Ratios for derived variables

CoV (n = 91)

HRV (n = 43)

Influenza A, H3 (n = 185)

Influenza B (n = 52)

RSV (n = 86)

No Virus (n = 227)

 
  

OR

OR

OR

OR

OR

OR

p value

Variable

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

 

Ability to perform usual activities

0.08

Not at all (0–5) vs. Able to perform (9)

0.74

0.83

0.99

1.74

1.10

Referent

 

(0.39-1.41)

(0.33-2.08)

(0.59-1.65)

(0.84-3.58)

(0.59-2.02)

Somewhat able (6–8) vs. Able to perform (9)

0.63

1.03

1.45

1.58

0.86

Referent

 

(0.4-0.98)

(0.59-1.82)

(1.06-2.00)

(0.94-2.66)

(0.55-1.33)

Household member missed work (days)

1.39

0.80

1.47

1.82

1.61

Referent

0.40

(0.73-2.66)

(0.29-2.18)

(0.87-2.47)

(0.86-3.83)

(0.85-3.04)

Sleep Quality 0 (worst quality, unable to sleep) – 9 (pre-illness quality sleep)

0.68

Worst vs. Normal

1.47

1.05

0.68

0.55

1.60

Referent

 

(0.70-3.08)

(0.41-2.72)

(0.35-1.31)

(0.16-1.92)

(0.79-3.27)

Mild vs. Normal

1.40

0.80

0.90

0.98

0.99

Referent

 

(0.79-2.49)

(0.36-1.76)

(0.57-1.41)

(0.46-2.08)

(0.53-1.86)

Moderate vs. Normal

1.36

0.59

0.95

1.30

1.24

Referent

 

(0.87-2.12)

(0.32-1.11)

(0.68-1.33)

(0.76-2.22)

(0.79-1.94)

Effect on productivity

0.64

Worst vs. No effect

0.69

0.97

1.40

1.67

0.87

Referent

 

(0.35-1.35)

(0.37-2.59)

(0.78-2.51)

(0.62-4.55)

(0.37-2.06)

Moderate vs. No effect

0.51

0.96

1.15

1.91

1.02

Referent

 
 

(0.26-1.00)

(0.37-2.45)

(0.65-2.05)

(0.73-4.98)

(0.46-2.30)

Multinomial Modeling: Hazards Ratio

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

p value

Variable

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

Time to return to normal activity (days)

0.74

1.06

1.65

1.48

1.22

Referent

0.02

(0.45-1.22)

(0.53-2.09)

(1.13-2.39)

(0.89-2.46)

(0.73-2.05)

  1. OR= Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; SD = Standard Deviation; HR = Hazards ratio.
  2. aN reflects the total number of participants, reduced by the number of co-detections, viruses with <20 detections, and participants without follow-up surveys.