Virus type | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcomes (categorical variables) | All (N = 684)a | CoV (91) | HRV (43) | Influenza A, H3 (185) | Influenza B (52) | RSV (86) | No Virus (227) | pvalue | ||||||
Variable | N | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Follow-up survey returned relative to enrollment date | <0.001 | |||||||||||||
0 – 13 days | 394 | 36 | 9.1 | 23 | 5.8 | 133 | 33.8 | 44 | 11.2 | 49 | 12.4 | 109 | 27.7 | |
≥14 days | 288 | 55 | 19.1 | 20 | 6.9 | 51 | 17.7 | 8 | 2.8 | 37 | 12.9 | 117 | 40.6 | |
Ability to perform usual activity, range = (not at all) – 9 (able to perform) | 0.08 | |||||||||||||
Not at all (0 – 5) | 74 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 9.5 | 18 | 9.7 | 8 | 15.4 | 11 | 12.9 | 24 | 10.8 | |
Somewhat (6 – 8) | 232 | 23 | 25.6 | 15 | 35.7 | 80 | 43.3 | 22 | 42.3 | 26 | 30.6 | 66 | 29.6 | |
Able to perform (9) | 371 | 58 | 64.4 | 23 | 54.8 | 87 | 47 | 22 | 42.3 | 48 | 56.5 | 133 | 59.6 | |
Household member missed work because of patient’s illness | 0.40 | |||||||||||||
No | 563 | 74 | 81.3 | 38 | 88.4 | 149 | 80.5 | 40 | 76.9 | 68 | 79.1 | 194 | 85.8 | |
Yes | 120 | 17 | 18.7 | 5 | 11.6 | 36 | 19.5 | 12 | 23.1 | 18 | 20.9 | 32 | 14.2 | |
Sleep quality, range = 0 (worst) – 9 (normal) | 0.67 | |||||||||||||
Worst (0 – 4) | 52 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 9.5 | 10 | 5.4 | 2 | 3.8 | 9 | 10.6 | 19 | 8.5 | |
Mild (5 – 6) | 101 | 15 | 16.8 | 6 | 14.3 | 26 | 14 | 7 | 13.5 | 11 | 12.9 | 36 | 16.1 | |
Moderate (7 – 8) | 242 | 36 | 40.5 | 11 | 26.2 | 68 | 36.8 | 23 | 44.2 | 34 | 40 | 70 | 31.4 | |
Normal (9) | 280 | 30 | 33.7 | 21 | 50 | 81 | 43.8 | 20 | 38.5 | 31 | 36.5 | 98 | 44 | |
Effect on productivity, range = 0 (no effect on my work) – 10 (completely prevented me from working for those age ≥18 years) | 0.62 | |||||||||||||
0 – 3 | 77 | 15 | 31.3 | 5 | 21.7 | 17 | 17.5 | 4 | 12.9 | 7 | 21.9 | 29 | 24.4 | |
4 – 7 | 153 | 16 | 33.3 | 10 | 43.5 | 41 | 42.3 | 16 | 51.6 | 15 | 46.9 | 55 | 46.2 | |
8 – 10 | 120 | 17 | 35.4 | 8 | 34.8 | 39 | 40.2 | 11 | 35.5 | 10 | 31.2 | 35 | 29.4 | |
Outcomes (continuous variables) | ||||||||||||||
Variable | N | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | p value |
For participants <18 years: | ||||||||||||||
Missed school days | 147 | 18 | 2.4 | 9 | 2.1 | 49 | 2.9 | 13 | 2.9 | 20 | 1.8 | 38 | 2.5 | 0.47 |
(1.9) | (2.0) | (2.4) | (1.9) | (1.3) | (2.1) | |||||||||
Household member missed work days | 118 | 16 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 35 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 32 | 2 | 0.19 |
(1.1) | (2.0) | (2.9) | (1.9) | (1.8) | (1.3) | |||||||||
Severity of illness at follow-up (VAS), range = 1-100 | 658 | 86 | 83 (15.1) | 42 | 83 (16.0) | 181 | 83 (14.4) | 50 | 82 (13.0) | 81 | 83 (14.7) | 218 | 84 (15.7) | 0.98 |
For participants ≥18 years: | ||||||||||||||
Number of hours of work missed due to ARI | 351 | 48 | 14 (12.5) | 23 | 16 (18.0) | 97 | 22 (16.4) | 31 | 22 (17.9) | 32 | 11 (11.5) | 120 | 12 (13.1) | 0.001 |
Multinomial Modeling: Odds Ratios for derived variables | CoV (n = 91) | HRV (n = 43) | Influenza A, H3 (n = 185) | Influenza B (n = 52) | RSV (n = 86) | No Virus (n = 227) | ||||||||
OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | p value | ||||||||
Variable | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||||||||
Ability to perform usual activities | 0.08 | |||||||||||||
Not at all (0–5) vs. Able to perform (9) | 0.74 | 0.83 | 0.99 | 1.74 | 1.10 | Referent | ||||||||
(0.39-1.41) | (0.33-2.08) | (0.59-1.65) | (0.84-3.58) | (0.59-2.02) | ||||||||||
Somewhat able (6–8) vs. Able to perform (9) | 0.63 | 1.03 | 1.45 | 1.58 | 0.86 | Referent | ||||||||
(0.4-0.98) | (0.59-1.82) | (1.06-2.00) | (0.94-2.66) | (0.55-1.33) | ||||||||||
Household member missed work (days) | 1.39 | 0.80 | 1.47 | 1.82 | 1.61 | Referent | 0.40 | |||||||
(0.73-2.66) | (0.29-2.18) | (0.87-2.47) | (0.86-3.83) | (0.85-3.04) | ||||||||||
Sleep Quality 0 (worst quality, unable to sleep) – 9 (pre-illness quality sleep) | 0.68 | |||||||||||||
Worst vs. Normal | 1.47 | 1.05 | 0.68 | 0.55 | 1.60 | Referent | ||||||||
(0.70-3.08) | (0.41-2.72) | (0.35-1.31) | (0.16-1.92) | (0.79-3.27) | ||||||||||
Mild vs. Normal | 1.40 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.99 | Referent | ||||||||
(0.79-2.49) | (0.36-1.76) | (0.57-1.41) | (0.46-2.08) | (0.53-1.86) | ||||||||||
Moderate vs. Normal | 1.36 | 0.59 | 0.95 | 1.30 | 1.24 | Referent | ||||||||
(0.87-2.12) | (0.32-1.11) | (0.68-1.33) | (0.76-2.22) | (0.79-1.94) | ||||||||||
Effect on productivity | 0.64 | |||||||||||||
Worst vs. No effect | 0.69 | 0.97 | 1.40 | 1.67 | 0.87 | Referent | ||||||||
(0.35-1.35) | (0.37-2.59) | (0.78-2.51) | (0.62-4.55) | (0.37-2.06) | ||||||||||
Moderate vs. No effect | 0.51 | 0.96 | 1.15 | 1.91 | 1.02 | Referent | ||||||||
(0.26-1.00) | (0.37-2.45) | (0.65-2.05) | (0.73-4.98) | (0.46-2.30) | ||||||||||
Multinomial Modeling: Hazards Ratio | HR | HR | HR | HR | HR | HR | p value | |||||||
Variable | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||||||||
Time to return to normal activity (days) | 0.74 | 1.06 | 1.65 | 1.48 | 1.22 | Referent | 0.02 | |||||||
(0.45-1.22) | (0.53-2.09) | (1.13-2.39) | (0.89-2.46) | (0.73-2.05) |