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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics, and virus positivity of pediatric outpatients with acute respiratory infections (n = 1,074)

From: Viral aetiology of acute respiratory infections among children and associated meteorological factors in southern China

Parameter

Patients with an ARI

Virus-negative cases

Virus-positive cases

OR (95% CI)

p value f

Total (n = 1,074)

Total (n = 190)

Total (n = 884)

OR (95% CI)

p value e

Single virus (n = 469)

Multiple viruses (n = 415)

Gender

Male

669 (62.3)

107 (56.3)

562 (63.6)

Reference

-

293 (62.5)

269 (64.8)

Reference

-

Female

405 (37.7)

83 (43.7)

322 (36.4)

0.7 (0.5-1.0)

0.06

176 (37.5)

146 (35.2)

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

0.47

Age group (year)

≤1 (infant)

225 (20.9)

41 (21.6)

184 (20.8)

Reference

-

103 (22.0)

81 (19.5)

Reference

-

>1 -2 (toddler)

201 (18.7)

31 (16.3)

170 (19.2)

1.2 (0.7-2.0)

0.44

86 (18.3)

84 (20.2)

1.2 (0.8-1.9)

0.31

>2-5 (preschool child)

468 (43.6)

86 (45.3)

382 (43.2)

1.0 (0.7-1.5)

1.00

206 (43.9)

176 (42.4)

1.1 (0.8-1.5)

0.65

>5-16 (school child)

180 (16.8)

32 (16.8)

148 (16.7)

1.0 (0.6-1.7)

0.92

74 (15.8)

74 (17.8)

1.3 (0.8-2.0)

0.28

Clinical presentation a

Cough

894 (83.2)

161 (84.7)

733 (82.9)

0.9 (0.6-1.3)

0.54

384 (81.9)

349 (84.1)

1.2 (0.8-1.7)

0.38

Rhinorrhea

666 (62.0)

117 (61.6)

549 (62.1)

1.0 (0.7-1.4)

0.89

273 (58.2)

276 (66.5)

1.4 (1.1-1.9)

<0.05

Fever of >38°Cb

359 (33.4)

75 (39.5)

284 (32.1)

0.7 (0.5-1.0)

0.05

138 (29.4)

146 (35.2)

1.3 (1.0-1.7)

0.08

Nasal congestion

157 (14.6)

36 (18.9)

121 (13.7)

0.7 (0.5-1.0)

0.06

65 (13.9)

56 (13.5)

1.0 (0.7-1.4)

0.89

Sneezing

109 (10.1)

22 (11.6)

87 (9.8)

0.8 (0.5-1.4)

0.47

48 (10.2)

39 (9.4)

0.9 (0.6-1.4)

0.68

Sore throat

99 (9.2)

19 (10.0)

80 (9.0)

0.9 (0.5-1.5)

0.68

43 (9.2)

37 (8.9)

1.0 (0.6-1.5)

0.89

Othersc

57 (5.3)

14 (7.4)

43 (4.9)

0.6 (0.3-1.2)

0.16

23 (4.9)

20 (4.8)

1.0 (0.5-1.8)

1.00

Socio-medical information a

ARI history in 4 weeks

472 (43.9)

90 (47.4)

382 (43.2)

0.8 (0.6-1.2)

0.29

193 (41.2)

189 (45.5)

1.2 (0.9-1.6)

0.19

Passive smoking

605 (56.3)

103 (54.2)

502 (56.8)

1.1 (0.8-1.5)

0.52

275 (58.6)

227 (54.7)

0.9 (0.7-1.1)

0.24

Family size (person, n = 1,072)d

≤3

287 (26.8)

44 (23.3)

243 (27.5)

Reference

-

117 (25.0)

126 (30.4)

Reference

-

4-15

785 (73.2)

145 (76.7)

640 (72.5)

0.8 (0.6-1.2)

0.23

351 (75.0)

289 (69.6)

0.8 (0.6-1.0)

0.08

  1. Data are presented as number (%). ARIs, acute respiratory infections.
  2. aAbsence of respective symptoms, ARI history, or exposure to passive smoking as reference.
  3. bArmpit temperature.
  4. cIncluding hoarseness of voice, headache, earache, conjunctivitis, oral ulcer, peri-oral blebs, vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache, and rash.
  5. dTwo missing data.
  6. eComparison between virus-negative and virus-positive groups.
  7. fComparison between single-virus and multiple-virus groups.