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Table 2 Nasopharyngeal carriage and resistance of Pnc and Hi in children with AOM before/after PCV13 implementation

From: Trends in antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from nasopharyngeal flora in children with acute otitis media in France before and after 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Carriage

Before PCV13

After PCV13

p-value

n = 3,498 (%)

n = 3,702 (%)

Pnc

2026 (57.9)

2007 (54.2)

 

 Penicillin susceptible

1069 (52.9)

1223 (61.0)

<0.001

 Penicillin intermediate-resistant

950 (47.0)

772 (38.5)

 Penicillin resistant

3 (0.1)

10 (0.5)

 Erythromycin susceptible

1119 (55.3)

1351 (67.4)

<0.001

 Erythromycin intermediate

109 (5.4)

42 (2.1)

 Erythromycin resistant

794 (39.3)

613 (30.6)

 PCV7 vaccine types

193(9.5)

64 (3.2)

<0.001

 Additional PCV13 vaccine types

648 (32.0)

223 (11.1)

 Non-vaccine types

1185 (58.5)

1720 (85.7)

Hi

1686 (48.2)

1938 (52.4)

 

 ß-lactamase–producing strains

289 (17.1)

230 (11.9)

<0.001

 BLNAR+

130 (7.7)

159 (8.2)

0.74

 ß-lactamase + BLNAR-

264 (15.7)

209 (10.8)

 

 ß-lactamase + BLNAR+

25 (1.4)

21 (1.1)

 

 ß-lactamase- BLNAR+

105 (6.2)

138 (7.1)

 

 ß-lactamase- BLNAR-

1292 (76.6)

1570 (81.0)

 

 No carriage

693 (19.8)

773 (20.9)

 

 Hi or Pnc carriage

1898 (54.3)

1913 (51.7)

0.09

 Hi and Pnc carriage

907 (25.9)

1016 (27.4)

 
  1. Pnc: pneumococcus; Hi: H. influenzae; BLNAR: ß-lactamase–nonproducing ampicillin-resistant