A novel approach to evaluating the UK childhood immunisation schedule: estimating the effective coverage vector across the entire vaccine programme

Table 4 Vaccines considered, the diseases they vaccinate against and the efficacies used in the modelling

Vaccine	Diseases vaccinated (efficacy used for modelling)	Source
Menjugate or NeisVac Primary (<1 year old)	Men C (0.994)	EMC
Menjugate or NeisVac Booster (>1 year old)	Men C (1)	EMC
Menitorix Primary (<1 year old)	Men C (0.993), Hib (1)	EMC
Menitorix Booster (>1 year old)	Men C (0.98 different primary, 1 otherwise), Hib (1)	EMC
MMR VAXPRO/Priorix after one dose (>1 year old)	Measles (0.90), Mumps (0.64), Rubella (0.99)	Green Book
MMR VAXPRO/Prioirix after two doses^a (>1 year old)	Measles (0.99), Mumps (0.87), Rubella (0.999)	Green Book
Pediacel (<1 year old)	Tetanus (1), Polio (1), Diphtheria (0.992), Pertussis (0.987), Hib (0.91)	EMC
Pediacel (>1 year old)	Tetanus (1), Polio (1), Diphtheria (0.991), Pertussis (0.967), Hib (0.991)	EMC
Prevenar 13 (both doses)	Pneumococcal (0.948)	EMC
Repevax or Infanrix IPV (>3 years old)	Tetanus (1), Polio (1), Diphtheria (1), Pertussis (0.995)	EMC
Rotarix (<1 year old)	Rotavirus (0.918)	EMC
HBVaxPRO (both doses)	Hep B (0.96)	EMC
Infanrix Hexa (<1 year old)	Tetanus (1), Polio (1), Diphtheria (1), Pertussis (1), Hib (0.964), Hep B (0.995)	European medicines agency
Infanrix Hexa (>1 year old)	Tetanus (0.999), Polio (0.999), Diphtheria (0.999), Pertussis (0.999), Hib (0.997), Hep B (0.984)	European medicines agency
Bexsero^b	Men B (0.836)	EMC

^aEfficacy after two doses takes into account greater likelihood of successful immune response after two doses. ^bEfficacy for Bexsero is calculated as the product of the efficacy against the strains covered (0.95) and the proportion of Men B strains covered (0.88)
Vaccine-dependent modelling assumptions:
For the conjugate vaccines (PCV, Men B and Men C), a child who received only the booster at 12 months is assumed to be fully covered
For the DTaP/Hib vaccines, a child needs to have received both a primary course and a booster dose to be fully covered after the booster dose within the model (the primary course needs to be fully completed for the booster vaccination to offer protection)
For the MMR vaccine, a single dose is assumed to provide immunity but 10 % of children (randomly selected) don’t respond. A second dose gives these children another opportunity to be covered: this is not a booster as such, but a way of reducing the proportion of children who don’t respond. Within the model, we estimated the effective coverage for measles, mumps and rubella according to the number of children in the cohort who received none, one or two MMR vaccinations
For the Men B and Men C vaccines, efficacy was assumed to be zero after the age of ten (due to waning)
For the pneumococcal vaccine, we assumed efficacy was zero after the age of 15

ISSN: 1471-2334