High Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization prevalence among HIV-infected Kenyan parents in the year before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Table 3 Factors associated with pneumococcal colonization among HIV-infected parents of children <5 years old Kenya (N = 549)

	Colonized	Not Colonized	OR (95 % CI)^a
	N = 237	N = 311	OR (95 % CI)^a
	N (%)	N (%)
Recent Illness
No fever within 24 hours	199 (84.0)	274 (88.4)	referent
Self-reported fever within 24 hours	38 (16.0)	36 (11.6)	1.5 (0.9, 2.6)
Number of children <5 years old in the home
1	145 (61.2)	182 (58.5)	referent
2	77 (32.5)	108 (34.7)	0.9 (0.6,1.3)
> 2	15 (6.3)	21 (6.8)	0.9 (0.5, 1.9)
Number of children in school
0	24 (10.1)	43 (13.8)	referent
≥ 1	213 (89.9)	268 (86.2)	1.6 (0.9, 2.6)
Cooking location
Same as sleeping area	122 (51.5)	120 (38.6)	referent
Other location separate from sleeping area	115 (48.5)	191 (61.4)	0.6 (0.4, 0.9)
Tobacco smoke exposure^b
No smoker in the household	190 (81.2)	255 (82.2)	referent
Smoker in the household	44 (18.8)	55 (17.8)	1.1 (0.7, 1.6)
Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) quintile^{b, c}
< 3	40 (31.5)	42 (26.7)	referent
≥ 3	87 (68.5)	115 (73.3)	0.8 (0.5, 1.4)
CD4 Count^b
CD4 < 250	25 (28.7)	19 (16.8)	referent
CD4 ≥ 250	62 (71.3)	94 (83.2)	0.5 (0.2, 0.9)
HAART^b
No or unknown HAART use	76 (88.4)	100 (88.5)	referent
HAART use	10 (11.6)	13 (11.5)	1.1 (0.5, 2.4)

^aAdjusted for compound as a repeated measure, amoxicillin use within 7 days, age, and gender
^bPercentages reflect missing data
^cWealth indices categorized into five quintiles: 1 (Poorest) to 5 (Least Poor)

ISSN: 1471-2334