Fig. 2

Shared induced innate immune responses across all 3 clinical groups. Secreted cytokines significantly induced (Wilcoxon paired T test, p < 0.05) (a) MIP-1α, (b) IL-1β, (c) M-CSF, (d) IL-10, (e) IL-17A, (f) TNFα, (g) IL-5, and (h) GMCSF measured by Luminex assays following Leishmania parasite stimulation of PBMCs from donors subdivided into 3 clinical groups, according to the Leishmanin skin test response (LST+/−) and presence or absence of specific scars (SCAR+/−). (*** denotes p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 as determined by Kruskal Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple testing between the 3 groups, samples with no measurable value were given a value that was half of the lowest detectable dose of the assays)