Table 1 Overview of determinants of LTBI treatment initiation, adherence and completion in the general population diagnosed with LTBI
Determinant | Specification determinant (vs. reference group) | Number of articles | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive association | Inverse association | ||||
P | R | P | R | ||
Determinants of LTBI treatment initiation | |||||
 Age | Older age (vs. younger age) | – | 1 [49] | – | |
 Gender | Men (vs. women) | – | 1 [26] | – | 1 [49] |
 Sub-population within general population with LTBI | Refugee/immigrants (vs. born in country of study) | 1 [25] | 1 [26] | – | – |
Immigrants born in WHO category 3 or 5 country (vs. category 1 country)A | 1 [25] | – | – | – | |
HCW (vs. no HCW) | – | – | – | ||
Case contact (vs. no case contact) | 1 [24] | – | – | ||
 Education | Lower education level (vs. n.r.) | 1 [24] | – | – | – |
 Behaviour | Alcohol use reported at baseline (vs. no alcohol use reported) | – | – | – | 1 [49] |
 Other | Continuity of primary care by consulting a regular physician (vs. n.r.) | 1 [24] | – | – | – |
Pregnant (vs. not pregnant) | – | – | – | 1 [47] | |
Prior incarceration (vs. n.r.) | 1 [24] | – | – | – | |
Fear of getting sick with TB without medicine (vs. no fear of getting sick) | 1 [24] | – | – | – | |
Previous BCG vaccination (vs. n.r.) | – | – | – | 1 [22] | |
Abnormal CXR findings consistent with previous TB (vs. n.r.) | – | 1 [22] | – | – | |
A non-employment reason for screening (vs. n.r.) | 1 [24] | – | – | – | |
Determinants of LTBI treatment adherence | |||||
 Age | Older age (vs. younger age) | – | – | 1 [75] | – |
 Ethnicity | BiculturalD (vs. Hispanic or non-Hispanic) | 1 [75] | – |  | – |
 Education | Higher grades in school (vs. lower grades) | 1 [75] | – | – | – |
 Behaviour | Risk behaviours (vs. n.r.)E | – | – | – | |
 Adverse events | Some somatic complaints (vs. n.r.) | – | – | 1 [76] | – |
Determinants of LTBI treatment completion | |||||
 Age | Older (vs. younger) | ||||
 Gender | Male (vs. female) | – | – | – | |
 Ethnicity | Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (vs. Asian ethnicity) | – | – | 1 [78] |  |
White Hispanic (vs. black, non-Hispanic) | – | – | – | ||
Country of birth (i.e. Haiti, Dominican Republic, China with HK or Vietnam) (vs. other countries) | Varying results found between countries [80] | Â | Â | Â | |
Asian/Pacific Islander (vs. white) | – | – | – | ||
Region of origin (i.e. Latin America and Caribbean or Asia and other) (vs. USA, Canada, Europe) | – | 1 [41] | – | – | |
Black race (vs. n.r.) | – | – | – | 1 [29]G | |
Ethnicity (i.e. Asian, Non-Hispanic black or Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic white) | Â | 1 [31] | Â | Â | |
 Sub-population within source population | HCW (vs. no HCW) | – | – | – | 1 [23] |
Case contact (vs. no case contact) | – | 1 [31] | – | 1 [29]F | |
Currently homeless (vs. not currently homeless) | – | – | – | ||
PWID (vs. no PWID) | – | – | – | ||
Refugees/immigrants (vs. born in country of study) | 1 [27] | Â | |||
Indication for LTBI treatment immunosuppression (vs. case contact) | 1 [43]C | – | – | – | |
 Health | History of hepatitis A, B or C (vs. no history of liver disease) | 1 [77] | – | – | – |
Other medications reported at baseline (vs. none reported) | – | – | – | 1 [29]F | |
Use of concomitant medications by women (vs. no use of concomitant medication) | – | – | – | 1 [49] | |
 Behaviour | (Excess) alcohol use (vs. no alcohol use) | – | – | – | |
Smoking (vs. non-smoking) | 1 [43]C | – | – | – | |
 Treatment | Treatment without H (vs. treatment with H) | 1 [43]C | – | – | |
9-months H (vs. other regimens) | – | – | – | 1 [23] | |
Regimen choice offered (vs. no regimen choice offered) | – | 1 [79] | – | – | |
Twice weekly RZ (vs. daily RZ) | – | 1 [81] | – | – | |
DOT (vs. SAT) | – | – | – | ||
 Adverse events | Adverse events (vs. no adverse events) | – | – | – | |
Adverse events (i.e. grade 1 or 2 hepatotoxicity, grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity or adverse events other than hepatotoxicity) (vs. n.r.) | Conflicting results found between adverse events [51] | Â | Â | Â | |
 Other | Not having been incarcerated within 6 months of diagnosis (vs. n.r.) | 1 [25] | – | – | – |
Referral reason (i.e. correctional/rehabilitation or postpartum women) (vs. TST positive from screening) | – | – | – | 1 [28] | |
Risk group (i.e. contact, medical riskH, population riskI) (vs. low riskJ) | – | 1 [31] | – | – | |
Cause of screening/referral (i.e. asylum seekers or contacts) (vs. anti-TNF-α candidates) | – | – | – | 1 [82] | |
Fear for venepuncture (vs. n.r.) | – | – | 1 [83] | – | |
Low TB risk perception (vs. n.r.) | – | – | 1 [83] | – | |
Plan to tell friends or family about LTBI diagnosis (vs. n.r.) | 1 [24] | – | – | – | |
Home situation (i.e. child living with no or one natural parent) (vs. living with both natural parents) | – | – | 1 [27] | – | |
Spanish language (vs. non-Spanish language) | – | 1 [60] | – | – | |
Resident in a congregate setting (vs. never or unknown) | – | – | – | 1 [23] | |
Missed appointment call or letter (vs. no missed appointment call) | – | – | – | 1 [60] | |
No medical insurance (vs. medical insurance) | – | – | – | 1 [47] | |
Clinic attendance before treatment (vs. clinic non-attendance before treatment) | – | 1 [79] | – | – | |
Presumed non-recent TB infection (vs. presumed recent TB infection) | – | – | – | 1 [34] | |
Public health nurse referral (vs. no public health nurse referral) | – | – | – | 1 [60] | |