Quality assessment | n/N = %a | Effect | Quality | Importance | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No of studies (No of participants) | Design | Population interventionb | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | Social intervention | OR (95 % CI)c | Absoluted (per 1000 (95 % CI)) | ||
No social intervention | ||||||||||||
Initiation | ||||||||||||
1 (946) [18] | Observational study | Immigrants | Not seriouse | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | 389/442 = 88 % | 2.7 (1.9–3.8) | 149 (107–181) | ⊕ ⊕ OO Low | Critical |
Cultural case management | 557/762 = 73 % | |||||||||||
Adherence | ||||||||||||
N | Cumulative mean number of pills taken over 9 months f | |||||||||||
1 (286) [19] | RCT | General population | Not seriousg | Not serious | Not serious | Serioush | None | 92 | 180 | – | ⊕ ⊕ OO Low | Critical |
Adherence coaching | 98 | 151 | ||||||||||
1 (184) [57] | Observational study | Immigrants | Not seriousi | Not serious | Not serious | Serious | None | 53 | 157 | – | ⊕OOO Very low | Critical |
Cultural intervention | 131 | 129 | ||||||||||
Completion | ||||||||||||
RCT | General population | Not seriousj | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | 331/515 = 64 % (range: 46–84 %) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 78 (53–80) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕O High | Critical | |
Counsellor/contingency contracting & adherence coaching/self-esteem counselling & peer based | 253/413 = 61 % (range: 38–76 %) | |||||||||||
1 (946) [18] | Observational study | Immigrants | Not seriouse | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | 319/389 = 82 % | 7.8 (5.7–10.7) | 452 (400–494) | ⊕ ⊕ OO Low | Critical |
Case management taking into account cultural background | 205/557 = 37 % | |||||||||||
1 (216) [15] | RCT | Inmatesk | Not seriousl | Not serious | Not serious | Seriousm | None | 24/106 = 23 % | 2.2 (1.0–4.7)n | 108 (4–267) | ⊕ ⊕ O Moderate | Critical |
Education | 12/103 = 12 % | |||||||||||
1 (520) [35] | RCT | Homeless | Not seriouso | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | 173/279 = 62 % | 3.0 (2.2–4.2)p | 268 (189–339) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ High | Critical |
Nurse case management | 94/241 = 39 % | |||||||||||
1 (199) [17] | RCT | PWID | Not seriousq | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | 79/101 = 78 % | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 2 (−75-62) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ High | Critical |
Peer support vs. no peer support | 79/100 = 79 % |