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Table 5 Risk factors for late-appearing anaemia after 2 weeks of starting treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria with artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine showing the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and the 95 % confidence interval (CI)

From: Clinical illness and outcomes in Nigerian children with late-appearing anaemia after artemisinin-based combination treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria

Variable

Total no.

No. with late-appearing anaemia

OR (95 % CI)

P value

AOR (95 % CI)

P value

Gender

      

 Female

270

37

1

   

 Male

339

47

1.0(0.6–1.6)

0.95

-

-

Age (years)

      

  ≥ 3

556

65

1

 

1

 

  < 3

53

19

4.2(2.3–7.8)

0.000004

2.6 (1.3–5.2)

0.005

Duration of illness (days)

      

  ≤ 2 days

200

28

1

   

  > 2 days

343

53

1.1(0.7–1.8)

0.81

-

-

Enrolment body temperature

      

  ≤ 37.4 °C

164

19

1

   

  > 37.4 °C

445

65

1.3 (0.8–2.3)

0.41

-

-

Fever on day 1

      

 Absent

568

70

1

 

1

 

 Present

41

14

3.7(1.8–7.4)

0.0002

3.8 (1.8–8.2)

<0.0001

Haematocrit at presentation (day 0)

      

  ≥ 25 %

554

65

1

 

1

 

  < 25 %

55

19

4.0(2.2–7.3)

0.000008

2.2(1.3–3.7)

0.003

Haematocrit on day1

      

  ≥ 30 %

421

40

1

 

1

 

  < 30 %

188

44

2.9(1.8–4.7)

0.000009

2.1(1.0–4.3)

0.04

Parasitaemia (μL−1)

      

  ≤ 50,000

320

34

1

   

  > 50,000

289

50

0.7(0.5–1.2)

0.21

  

Parasite reduction ratio on day1

      

  ≤ 10,000

443

57

1

   

  > 10,000

166

27

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.34

-

-

Parasite reduction ratio on day2

      

 ≤ 10,000

532

67

1

 

1

 

  > 10,000

77

17

2.0 (1.1–3.6)

0.038

2.1(1.1–3.9)

0.03

Liver enlargement

      

 Absent

511

70

1

   

 Present

98

14

1.0(0.6–1.9)

0.98

  

Spleen enlargement

      

 Absent

535

67

1

 

1

 

 Present

64

17

2.4(1.3–4.3)

0.008

2.0(1.1–3.9)

<0.0001

Parasite clearance time

      

  < 1 day

506

73

1

   

  > 1 day

103

11

0.7(0.4–1.4)

0.40

-

-

Fever clearance time

      

  < 1 day

574

75

1

   

  > 1 day

35

9

1.9(0.9–4.3)

0.13

  

FIH/1000 asexual parasite cpba

      

  ≥ 0.05

133

28

1

   

  < 0.05

258

39

0.7(0.4–1.2)

0.27

  

Year of enrolment

      

  < 2010

242

33

1

   

  ≥ 2010

367

51

1.0(0.6–1.6)

0.93

  
  1. acpb, cleared from peripheral blood