Table 4 Nested case control analysis: antibiotic and source control issues for patients with repeat cultures

Appropriate antibiotics n (%)

 Empiric

67 (57.8)

72 (61.0)

0.51

 Guided by index culture

51 (43.2)

40 (33.9)

0.14

 Guided by repeat culture

0

3 (2.5)

0.123

Source control required n (%)

61 (51.7)

74 (62.7)

0.087

  Endovascular

32 (27.1)

41 (34.7)

0.21

  Line removal

28 (23.7)

35 (29.7)

-

  PPM/ICD explantation

1 (0.9)

1 (0.9)

-

  Valve surgery

3 (2.5)

6 (5.1)

-

  Aortic graft replacement

0

1 (0.9)

-

  Spine and Joint

3 (2.5)

10 (8.5)

0.051

  Epidural abscess/spinal

2 (1.7)

5 (4.2)

-

  Peripheral joint

1 (0.9)

5 (4.2)

-

  Thoraco-abdominal

18 (15.3)

13 (11.0)

0.34

  Pericardiocentesis

0

1 (0.9)

-

  Empyema

2 (1.7)

2 (1.7)

-

  Intra-abdominal abscess

3 (2.5)

1 (0.9)

-

  Liver abscess

2 (1.7)

1 (0.9)

-

  Cholangitis

4 (3.4)

2 (1.7)

-

  Peritonitis

1 (0.9)

2 (1.7)

-

  Nephrostomy tube

1 (0.9)

2 (1.7)

-

  Foley removal

4 (3.4)

2 (1.7)

-

  ICP monitor removal

1 (0.9)

0

-

  SSTI

8 (6.8)

10 (8.5)

0.62

  Debridement/abscess drainage

8 (6.8)

8 (6.8)

-

  Amputation

0

2 (1.7)

-

Source control done in 48 h n (%)

32/61 (52.5)

22/74 (29.7)

<0.001

 Endovascular

16/32 (50.0)

16/41 (39.0)

0.35

 Spine and joint

2/3 (66.7)

0/10

0.038

 Thoraco-abdominal

11/18 (61.1)

6/13 (46.2)

0.046

 SSTI

3/8 (37.5)

0/10

0.069