Univariate | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of partnerships with UAI | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | |
n/N | |||||
Dating location | P = 0.031 | ||||
Offline | 210/903 (23.3 %) | 1 | |||
Online | 232/878 (26.4 %) | 1.36 (1.03–1.81) | |||
Self-perceived HIV status participant | P < 0.001 | ||||
HIV-negative | 138/1076 (12.8 %) | 1 | |||
HIV-positive | 245/497 (49.3 %) | 11.70 (7.40–18.45) | |||
Unaware | 59/208 (28.4 %) | 3.55 (2.02–6.22) | |||
Dating location * HIV status participant | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |
Offline partner * HIV negative participant | 69/549 (12.6 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Offline partner * HIV positive participant | 114/246 (46.3 %) | 9.67 (5.60–16.71) | 7.70 (4.43–13.39) | 13.02 (7.05–24.03) | 10.14 (5.32–19.30) |
Offline partner * HIV unaware participant | 27/108 (25.0 %) | 2.88 (1.40–5.89) | 2.63 (1.26–5.48) | 7.02 (3.12–15.79) | 4.30 (1.81–10.23) |
Online partner * HIV negative participant | 69/527 (13.1 %) | 1.07 (0.71–1.62) | 1.04 (0.69–1.59) | 0.93 (0.60–1.43) | 0.94 (0.59–1.48) |
Online partner * HIV positive participant | 131/251 (52.2 %) | 15.55 (8.86–27.30) | 12.67 (7.20–22.29) | 18.65 (10.00–34.80) | 16.41 (8.55–31.52) |
Online partner * HIV unaware participant | 32/100 (32.0 %) | 4.73 (2.34–9.57) | 4.87 (2.38–9.96) | 12.99 (5.86–28.77) | 11.00 (4.76–25.33) |
Demographics of the participant | |||||
Age in years categorised | P = 0.004 | P = 0.219 | P =0.230 | P = 0.222 | |
< 25 | 10/134 (7.5 %) | 0.23 (0.08–0.70) | 0.45 (0.16–1.22) | 0.40 (0.14–1.12) | 0.40 (0.13–1.19) |
25–29 | 57/243 (23.5 %) | 1.30 (0.61–2.75) | 1.39 (0.70–2.78) | 1.29 (0.63–2.64) | 1.32 (0.62–2.82) |
30–34 | 62/309 (20.1 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
35–39 | 100/362 (27.6 %) | 1.51 (0.77–2.98) | 1.37 (0.74–2.55) | 1.34 (0.71–2.55) | 1.36 (0.69–2.66) |
40–44 | 98/353 (27.8 %) | 1.57 (0.79–3.12) | 1.18 (0.63–2.22) | 1.06 (0.55–2.05) | 0.87 (0.43–1.75) |
≥ 45 | 115/380 (30.3 %) | 2.09 (1.06–4.11) | 1.39 (0.75–2.59) | 1.31 (0.67–2.57) | 1.16 (0.57–2.35) |
Ethnic group | P = 0.311 | P = 0.151 | P = 0.321 | P = 0.470 | |
Dutch | 316/1285 (24.6 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Western, non-Dutch | 45/221 (20.4 %) | 0.89 (0.45–1.73) | 0.71 (0.39–1.28) | 0.76 (0.40–1.42) | 0.68 (0.35–1.31) |
Non-western | 67/221 (30.3 %) | 1.60 (0.83–3.06) | 1.49 (0.85–2.63) | 1.37 (0.74–2.53) | 1.05 (0.55–2.01) |
Sexual behaviour of the participant | |||||
No. of male sex partners in preceding 6 months, categorized | P < 0.001 | P = 0.255 | P = 0.345 | P = 0.570 | |
< 5 | 62/333 (18.6 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
5–9 | 107/528 (20.3 %) | 1.34 (0.74–2.43) | 1.16 (0.67–2.00) | 1.22 (0.69–2.14) | 1.11 (0.62–2.01) |
10–24 | 149/574 (26.0 %) | 1.79 (0.99–3.22) | 1.27 (0.75–2.18) | 1.27 (0.73–.2.20) | 1.09 (0.61–1.95) |
25–49 | 63/211 (30.0 %) | 2.27 (1.08–4.76) | 1.40 (0.71–2.78) | 1.36 (0.67–2.77) | 1.18 (0.56–2.48) |
≥ 50 | 61/135 (45.2 %) | 6.79 (2.86–16.13) | 2.48 (1.12–5.50) | 2.43 (1.06–5.56) | 2.08 (0.86–5.00) |
Characteristics of the partnership | |||||
Age difference (yrs) participant - partner, categorised | P = 0.482 | P = 0.121 | P = 0.109 | ||
Partner is >5 years older than participant | 72/279 (25.8 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Partner & participant differ ≤5 years in age | 180/767 (23.5 %) | 0.74 (0.45–1.21) | 0.63 (0.37–1.07) | 0.68 (0.39–1.19) | |
Partner is >5 years younger than participant | 187/723 (25.9 %) | 0.79 (0.46–1.35) | 0.85 (0.47–1.56) | 1.01 (0.53–1.92) | |
Etnic concordance participant - partner | P = 0.60 | P = 0.609 | P = 0.320 | ||
Concordant ethnicity | 193/767 (25.2 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Different ethnicity | 249/1014 (24.6 %) | 0.96 (0.68–1.34) | 1.10 (0.76–1.60) | 1.22 (0.82–1.81) | |
Concordance in life styles participant - partner | P = 0.115 | P = 0.023 | P = 0.015 | ||
No difference in life styles | 186/703 (26.5 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Differences in life styles | 256/1078 (23.8 %) | 0.75 (0.52–1.07) | 0.66 (0.46–0.95) | 0.63 (0.43–0.92) | |
HIV concordance participant -partner | P <0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||
Same HIV status | 253/789 (32.1 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Different HIV status | 32/135 (23.7 %) | 0.24 (0.12–0.47) | 0.14 (0.07–0.27) | 0.15 (0.08–0.30) | |
HIV status unknown of participant or partner | 157/857 (18.3 %) | 0.29 (0.20–0.43) | 0.19 (0.12–0.29) | 0.25 (0.16–0.40) | |
Partnership type | P = 0.055 | P = 0.413 | |||
Known partner | 289/1137 (25.4 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Anonymous partner | 135/589 (22.9 %) | 0.70 (0.49–1.01) | 1.20 (0.77–1.88) | ||
Sex frequency with partnerd | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||
Once | 186/961 (19.4 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
2–5 times | 167/624 (26.8 %) | 1.98 (1.40–2.80) | 1.74 (1.17–2.58) | ||
5–10 times | 50/129 (38.8 %) | 3.58 (1.99–6.45) | 2.10 (1.09–4.08) | ||
> 10 times | 39/66 (59.1 %) | 16.29 (7.07–37.52) | 10.38 (4.29–25.15) | ||
Group sex with partner | P < 0.001 | P = 0.077 | |||
No | 337/1518 (22.2 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 105/262 (40.1 %) | 2.54 (1.65–3.89) | 1.55 (0.95–2.52) | ||
Sex-related substance use in partnership | |||||
Sex-related use of at least 2 substances other than alcohol | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||
No | 288/1467 (19.6 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 154/313 (49.2 %) | 5.37 (3.51–8.21) | 2.32 (1.44–3.75) |