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Table 4 Causes of CNS infections in immunocompetent versus immunocompromised patients

From: Tuberculous meningitis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in adults with central nervous system infections in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: an observational study

Aetiology

Immunocompetenta n = 64 (76 %)

Immunocompromisedb n = 20 (24 %)

Total n = 84

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

37

4

41

Cryptococcus sp

5

9

14

Toxoplasma gondii

-

3

3

Treponema pallidum

1

1

2

Japanese Encephalitis virus

1

-

1

Epstein–Barr virus

1

-

1

Naegleria fowleri

1

-

1

ADEM

1

-

1

NMDAR Encephalitis

1

-

1

Unidentified

12

3

15

  1. aIncludes cases for whom immune status was unknown
  2. bReasons for immunocompromised status: 15 HIV positive; 3 on steroid therapy; 1 post bone marrow transplant; 1 post splenectomy