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Table 4 Hazard ratio for all non malaria fevers with 0–12 months of follow up

From: Non-malaria fevers in a high malaria endemic area of Ghana

Risk factor

 

Unadjusted HR (95 % CI)

p-value

Adjusted HR (95 % CI)

p-value

Household factors

Place of residence

Urban

-

-

-

-

 

Rural

1.26 (1.11, 1.42)

<0.001

0.94 (0.78, 1.14)

0.519

Household size

<5

-

-

-

-

 

5–9

1.06 (0.95, 1.18)

0.299

1.03 (0.92, 1.14)

0.632

 

10+

1.17 (0.97, 1.42)

0.098

1.10 (0.91, 1.32)

0.320

Socio-economic

Least poor

-

-

-

-

status

Less poor

1.31 (1.13, 1.54)

0.001

1.25 (1.07, 1.46)

0.005

 

Poor

1.40 (1.18, 1.65)

<0.001

1.22 (1.02, 1.46)

0.027

 

More poor

1.59 (1.36, 1.86)

<0.001

1.46 (1.23, 1.72)

<0.001

 

Very poor

1.36 (1.15, 1.60)

<0.001

1.26 (1.05, 1.52)

0.012

Thatched roof

No

-

-

-

-

 

Yes

1.21 (1.08, 1.35)

0.001

1.10 (0.97, 1.24)

0.128

Animals in household

No

-

-

-

-

 

Yes

1.14 (1.02, 1.29)

0.023

1.06 (0.95, 1.19)

0.307

Distance from health

<1 km

-

-

-

-

centre

1–4.9 km

0.83 (0.74, 0.94)

0.002

0.90 (0.76, 1.06)

0.204

 

5–7.9 km

1.19 (1.02, 1.38)

0.025

1.19 (1.03, 1.37)

0.019

 

≥8 km

1.30 (1.09, 1.54)

0.003

1.20 (1.01, 1.43)

0.037

Maternal factors

Gravidity

Primigravid

-

-

-

-

 

Multigravid

0.94 (0.83, 1.07)

0.377

0.94 (0.82, 1.07)

0.367

Number of IPTp

0

-

-

-

-

courses

1

1.16 (0.88, 1.53)

0.306

1.03 (0.77, 1.36)

0.862

 

2

1.28 (1.00, 1.65)

0.055

1.11 (0.86, 1.44)

0.432

 

3

1.43 (1.12, 1.81)

0.004

1.31 (1.03, 1.68)

0.030

Placental infection

Uninfected

-

-

-

-

 

Infected

1.04 (0.93, 1.15)

0.516

0.97 (0.87, 1.08)

0.584

Infant factors

Birth weight

Normal

-

-

-

-

 

Low birth weight

1.15 (0.97, 1.35)

0.100

1.22 (1.04, 1.42)

0.012

Sex

Male

-

-

-

-

 

Female

0.90 (0.81, 0.99)

0.033

0.87 (0.79, 0.96)

0.006

Season of birth

Dec–Mar

-

-

-

-

 

Apr–Nov

1.42 (1.26, 1.60)

<0.001

1.39 (1.23, 1.56)

<0.001

Bednet use

High

-

-

-

-

 

Medium

1.14 (1.01, 1.28)

0.032

1.16 (1.03, 1.30)

0.015

 

Low

1.13 (1.00, 1.28)

0.053

1.15 (1.02, 1.31)

0.024